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Utilizing Microbes to Treat Naturally Occurring Cancer in Veterinary Species

  • Microbial Anti-cancer Therapy and Prevention (PJF Rider, L Sweeny, and KG Kousoulas, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Clinical Microbiology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Therapeutics that harness the immune system to exert their effect may be more critically tested in immunocompetent pet animals than mice or other model systems. This is because pet animals share their environment with humans and spontaneously develop complex, heterogeneous cancers that exhibit similar immunosuppressive microenvironment features. Furthermore, owners of companion animals are increasingly seeking more effective therapeutic options for their pets that go beyond traditional chemotherapy. Microbial-based anticancer therapeutics exploit evolutionarily acquired host-pathogen interactions to break host immune tolerance and/or induce tumor cell death. Therefore, this review summarizes recent studies evaluating microbial-based therapeutics for naturally occurring cancers in veterinary species.

Recent Findings

Adenovirus and poxvirus vectors and genetically modified bacteria expressing tumor-associated antigens are the basis of promising therapeutics targeting an array of canine and feline cancers.

Summary

Several well-funded multi-institutional clinical trials are currently underway evaluating microbial-based therapeutics for naturally occurring veterinary cancers. Recent advancements in our ability to monitor immune responses in these species and a growing appreciation for the similarities and differences in host-pathogen interactions between humans and animals will assist in future comparative studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Sita S. Withers & Bonnie Boudreaux

  2. Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Ellen E. Sparger

  3. Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Nicola J. Mason

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  1. Sita S. Withers
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Correspondence to Sita S. Withers.

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Drs. Withers, Sparger, and Boudreaux certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial or nonfinancial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. Dr. Mason is a named inventor on the recombinant HER2/neu expressing Listeria-based vaccine for use in dogs with osteosarcoma.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Microbial Anti-cancer Therapy and Prevention

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Withers, S.S., Sparger, E.E., Boudreaux, B. et al. Utilizing Microbes to Treat Naturally Occurring Cancer in Veterinary Species. Curr Clin Micro Rpt 6, 200–212 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40588-019-00130-7

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