Skip to main content
Log in

Varietal variations in rate of ripening and respiration of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits: anatomical substantiation

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Plant Physiology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Anatomical features of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits were examined at three different maturity stages in four varieties namely; Langra (L), Amrapali (A), Dushehari (D) and Ramkela (R) which differ in their rate of ripening. Gross anatomical variations were observed among the varieties in terms of cuticle thickness, number of cellular layers in hypodermis, compactness of hypodermal region and pattern of staining of exocarp region representing lignin and suberin depositions on cell walls. At cellular level, significant differences were observed in cell density which was primarily due to variations in cell size rather than the extent of intercellular spaces. The varietal differences in cell density was more prominent in the mesocarp region compared to the peel region of the mango fruits. The rate of ripening of fruits was in order of L > A > D > R and was found to be directly related to the cell density. While the respiration rate was in order of L > D ≈ A > R and this was inversely related with the cell size (L ≈ D < A < R). Fruits of variety Langra with smallest cell size and highest rate of respiration showed fastest rate of ripening. In contrast to this, fruits of variety Ramkela having the largest cell size and lowest rate of respiration showed slowest rate of ripening. The results indicated that the cell size is inversely linked to the rate of ripening due to its influence on the rate of respiration. This association between the cell size and the rate of respiration is explained on the basis of positive relationship between surface to volume ratio of cells and the respiration rate or basal metabolic rate in tissues/organs. The study pointed out the role of fruit anatomy in varietal differences which is having implications on respiration rate and on ripening.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abano, E. E., & Buah, J. N. (2014). Biotechnological approaches to improve nutritional quality and shelf life of fruits and vegetables. International Journal of Engineering and Technology,4, 660–672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bally, I. S. E. (1999). Changes in cuticular surface during the development of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv Kensington Pride. Scientia Horticulturae,79, 13–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Can, X., Zhang, J. S., Zhou, H. L., Zhang, Z. G., Wang, D. W., & Chen, S. Y. (2003). Serine/threonine kinase activity in the putative histidine kinase like ethylene receptor NTHK1 from tobacco. Plant Journal, 33, 385–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chabbert, B., Monties, B., Zieslin, N., & Ben-Zaken, R. (1993). The relationship between changes in lignification and mechanical strength of rose flower peduncles. Acta Botanica Nederlandica,42, 205–211.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dautt-Castro, M., Ochoa-Leyva, A., Contreras-Vergara, C. A., Pacheco-Sanchez, M. A., Casas-Flores, S., Sanchez-Flores, A., et al. (2015). Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Kent fruit mesocarp de novo transcriptome assembly identifies gene families important for ripening. Frontiers in Plant Science,6, 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golding, J. B., Shearer, D., McGlasson, W. B., & Wyllie, S. G. (1999). Relationship between respiration, ethylene and aroma production in ripening banana. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry,47, 1646–1651.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagemann, M. H., Winterhagen, P., Hegele, M., & Wünsche, J. N. (2015). Ethephon induced abscission in mango: Physiological fruitlet responses. Frontiers in Plant Science,6, 706. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00706.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, Q. T., Verboven, P., Mebatsion, H. K., Verlinden, B. E., Vandewalle, S., & Nicolai, B. M. (2009). Microscale mechanisms of gas exchange in fruit tissue. New Phytologist,182, 162–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, J. W., Gunaseelan, K., Pidakala, P., Wang, M., & Schaffer, R. J. (2009). Co-ordination of early and late ripening events in apples is regulated through differential sensitivities to ethylene. Journal of Experimental Botany,60, 2689–2699.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joyce, D. C., Shorter, A. J., & Hockings, P. C. (2001). Mango fruit calcium levels and the effect of postharvest calcium infiltration at different maturities. Scientia Horticulturae,91, 81–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapase, B. M., & Katrodia, J. S. (1995). Ripening behaviour of ‘Kesar’ mangoes in relation to specific gravity. Acta Horticulturae,455, 669–678.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kevany, B. M., Tieman, D. M., Taylor, M. G., Cin, V. D., & Klee, H. (2007). Ethylene receptor degradation controls the timing of ripening in tomato fruit. The Plant Journal,51, 458–467.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khasim, S. M. (2002). Botanical microtechnique: Principles and practice (p. 197). New Delhi: Capital Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klann, E. M., Hall, B., & Bennett, A. B. (1996). Antisense acid invertase (TIV1) gene alters soluble sugar composition and size in transgenic tomato fruit. Plant Physiology,112, 1321–1330.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kozlowski, J., Konarzewski, M., & Gawelezyk, A. T. (2003). Cell size as a link between non-coding DNA and metabolic rate scaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,100, 14080–14084.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laws, E. A. (1975). The importance of respiration losses in controlling the size distribution of marine phytoplankton. Ecology,56, 419–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza, F., Verboven, P., Mebatsion, H. K., Kerckhofs, G., Wevers, M., & Nicolai, B. (2007). Three-dimensional pore space quantification of apple tissue using X-ray computed microtomography. Planta,226, 559–570.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, S. C., Forbes-Smith, M. R., & Scriven, F. M. (1989). Determination of optimum conditions for suberization, wound periderm formation, cellular desiccation and pathogen resistance in wounded Solanum tuberosum tubers. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,35, 177–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, V., Malik, S. K., & Srivastava, G. C. (2007). Intervarietal differences in the surface morphology and anatomy of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits. Phytomorphology,57, 211–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul, V., & Pandey, R. (2016). Internal atmosphere of fruits: Role and significance in ripening and storability. In S. Pareek (Ed.), Postharvest Ripening physiology of crops. Series: Innovation in postharvest technology (pp. 359–412). Boca Raton FL: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4987-0381-9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul, V., Pandey, R., & Srivastava, G. C. (2010a). Ripening of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Part II: Regulation by its stem scar region. Journal of Food Science and Technology,47, 527–533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, V., Pandey, R., & Srivastava, G. C. (2010b). Ripening of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Part I: 1-Methylcyclopropene mediated delay at higher storage temperature. Journal of Food Science and Technology,47, 519–526.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, V., Pandey, R., & Srivastava, G. C. (2012). The fading distinctions between classical patterns of ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruit and the ubiquity of ethylene: An overview. Journal of Food Science and Technology,49, 1–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, V., & Srivastava, G. C. (2006). Role of surface morphology in determining the ripening behaviour of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruits. Scientia Horticulturae,110, 84–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saltveit, M. E. (1999). Effect of ethylene on quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. Postharvest Biology and Technology,15, 279–292.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seymour, G. B., N’Diaye, M., Wainwright, H., & Tucker, G. A. (1990). Effect of cultivar and harvest maturity on ripening of mangoes during storage. Journal of Horticultural Science,65, 479–483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, Z., & Zaharah, S. S. (2015). Controlled atmosphere storage of mango fruit: Challenges and thrusts and its implications in international mango trade. Acta Horticulturae,1066, 179–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solomos, T. (1987). Principles of gas exchange in bulky plant tissue. HortScience,22, 766–771.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, A. K. (2003). Postharvest technology of fruits and vegetables. In A. K. Thompson (Ed.), Fruits and vegetables: Harvesting handling and storage (pp. 261–262). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, N., Evert, R. F., & Kelman, A. (1995). Wound healing in whole potato tubers: A cytochemical, fluorescence and ultrastructural analysis of cut and bruise wounds. Canadian Journal of Botany,73, 1436–1450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uys, D. C. (1974). Keeping quality of grapes with special reference to skin characteristics. South Africa, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Agricultural Research.

  • Varoquaux, P., & Ozdemir, I. S. (2005). Packaging and produce degradation. In O. Lamikanra, S. Imam, & D. Ukuku (Eds.), Produce degradation pathways and prevention (pp. 117–153). Boca Raton: CRC Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, H., Liang, X., Huang, J., Zhang, D., Lu, H., Liu, Z., et al. (2010). Involvement of ethylene and hydrogen peroxide in induction of alternative respiratory pathway in salt-treated Arabidopsis calluses. Plant and Cell Physiology,51, 1754–1765.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wann, E. V. (1996). Physical characteristics of mature green and ripe tomato fruit tissue of normal and firm genotypes. The Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,121, 380–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winterhagen, P., Hagemann, M. H., & Wunsche, J. N. (2016). Expression and interaction of the mango ethylene receptor MiETR1 and different receptor versions of MiERS1. Plant Science,246, 26–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors wish to convey sincere thanks to Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), the parent organization, under the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India for support to the in-house project entitled “Integrated pre and postharvest management for loss reduction and quality retention in fruits and vegetable” (2014–2019) (Grant Number: Institute Project).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

All the authors have contributed equally in research and writing of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vijay Paul.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Paul, V., Pandey, R. & Malik, S.K. Varietal variations in rate of ripening and respiration of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits: anatomical substantiation. Plant Physiol. Rep. 24, 340–350 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-019-00466-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-019-00466-8

Keywords

Navigation