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You Need Guts to Make New Neurons

  • Brain and Microbiome (R Heijt, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of the Review

In the present review, we discuss the very recent findings that the gut microbiota composition can modulate cell-based plasticity in the brain, namely, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and thereby alter hippocampal dependent behavior.

Recent Findings

Absence of gut microbiota from birth or antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in adults leads to an aberrant metabolite production and immune functions. Both scenarios compromise a proper postnatal brain development, or brain wiring in adults, including aberrant neurogenesis. This in turn leads to a hippocampal mismanagement of environmental cues and renders the animals to be more susceptible to stress and less cognitively flexible which contribute to general impairments in learning and memory functions and social behavior.

Summary

Mounting evidence indicates that certain behavior aberrances in germ-free and dysbiotic mice are mediated by changes in neurogenesis. The mechanisms and the relevance of this complex regulation remain to be elucidated by future research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Robert Rössle Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany

    Susanne A. Wolf

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany

    Susanne A. Wolf

  3. Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zuerich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zuerich, Switzerland

    Daniele Mattei

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Correspondence to Susanne A. Wolf.

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Wolf, S.A., Mattei, D. You Need Guts to Make New Neurons. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 4, 353–360 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40473-017-0127-4

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