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Relevance of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms to Adolescent Substance Use

  • Adolescent / Young Adult Addiction (M Heitzeg, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to sleep and circadian disturbances, which is a risk factor for substance use initiation and involvement. In this review, we briefly describe normal changes in adolescent sleep and circadian rhythms and then describe evidence that identifies sleep and circadian disturbances as a predictor of substance use in adolescence. We also describe possible mechanisms for the relationship between sleep/circadian disturbances and substance use, as well as modifying factors, through recent longitudinal studies.

Recent Findings

Accumulating longitudinal studies support an array of sleep/circadian disturbances as risk factors for substance use. Evidence suggests that the mismatch between developmental and environmental demands contributes to sleep and circadian disturbances, which impacts reward functioning and emotion regulation leading to increased risk-taking and impulsivity. At the same time, adolescents are more likely to try to cope with daytime sleepiness using caffeine and stimulants and could turn to alcohol as a sleeping aid when having difficulty falling asleep, which further disturbs sleep and impacts circadian timing.

Summary

Current literature suggests that sleep and circadian disturbances during adolescence contribute to increased risk for substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs). Accumulating evidence implicates poorer emotion regulation and disruption of the reward system in the brain, due to sleep/circadian disturbances, as potential mechanisms contributing to risky behavior in adolescence, such as substance use involvement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA

    Stephanie Claudatos & Fiona C. Baker

  2. Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Fiona C. Baker

  3. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Brant P. Hasler

  4. Western Psychiatric Hospital, 3811 O’Hara St, E-1127, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    Brant P. Hasler

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  1. Stephanie Claudatos
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  2. Fiona C. Baker
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  3. Brant P. Hasler
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Correspondence to Brant P. Hasler.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Adolescent / Young Adult Addiction

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Claudatos, S., Baker, F.C. & Hasler, B.P. Relevance of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms to Adolescent Substance Use. Curr Addict Rep 6, 504–513 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-019-00277-9

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