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Insights into cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s disease using amyloid PET and structural MRI scans

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Abstract

Positron emission tomography using amyloid binding ligands, labeled with carbon-11 and fluorine-18, (Amyloid PET) has been used to understand the relationship between amyloid deposition in the brain, neurodegeneration and the development of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Structural MRI has been used to identify morphological changes in the brain which may relate to the cause(s) of cognitive impairment, including infarcts, space-occupying lesions, hydrocephalus and the patterns of atrophy which are characteristic of various neurodegenerative diseases. These two imaging biomarkers have also played an important role in revealing the sequence of cerebral amyloid deposition, neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Although there may not be a direct relationship between amyloid deposition and brain atrophy or cognitive deficits, the presence of both amyloid deposition on PET and neurodegeneration on MRI has been associated with accelerated cognitive decline. The main focus of this article is to summarize some of the insights gained using these two imaging methods individually and in combination to better understand the biological bases of normal aging and age-associated cognitive impairment.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the State of Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Initiative, Department of Elder Affairs, Tallahassee, Florida.

Compliance with ethics guidelines

This study is a retrospective review of published research. All data reviewed in the published studies were de-identified.

Conflict of interest

Ranjan Duara has been a consultant and speaker for GE Healthcare, Medical Learning Group, Vindico, Eli Lilly and Bristol Myers Squib. Warren Barker, David Loewenstein, Maria T. Greig, Rosemarie Rodriguez, Mohammed Goryawala, Qi Zhou and Malek Adjouadi have nothing to disclose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, 33140, Miami Beach, FL, USA

    Ranjan Duara, Warren Barker, David Loewenstein, Maria T. Greig & Rosemarie Rodriguez

  2. Deparment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    Ranjan Duara & David Loewenstein

  3. Center for Advanced Technology and Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    Mohammed Goryawala, Qi Zhou & Malek Adjouadi

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  1. Ranjan Duara
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Correspondence to Ranjan Duara.

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For the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

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Duara, R., Barker, W., Loewenstein, D. et al. Insights into cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s disease using amyloid PET and structural MRI scans. Clin Transl Imaging 3, 65–74 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40336-015-0110-6

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