Abstract
Introduction
The recommendation to start antihypertensive therapy with diuretics (D) might produce delay in blood pressure (BP) control and, possibly, increase cost/benefit ratio.
Aim
We evaluate the effects of D in relation to the administration of other anti-hypertensive medications, in clinical practice.
Methods
General practitioners recruited 2,409 hypertensive patients with indication to antihypertensive therapy, who were randomized to start treatment with chlorthalidone (12.5–25 mg daily, group D) or any other single medications (excluding thiazides, group A). The patients have been followed for at least 2 years.
Result
Among the 2,409 patients recruited (42.5 % women), 1,205 were randomized in group D and 1,204 in group A, of which 1,051 (or 87 %) and 1026 (or 85 %) respectively, completed the study. The number of patients in optimal BP control was similar in the two groups (65.0 vs 64.0 %; p = NS). During follow-up, the group D had prescribed a slightly greater number of medications compared to the group A who added D as second line (2.3 vs 2.1; p < 0.0001). In particular group D took more β-blockers (27.1 vs 14.9 %; p < 0.0001) with a similar number of patients in optimal BP control (64.35 vs 63.9 %; p = NS).
Conclusion
The beginning of antihypertensive therapy with diuretics is more often subject to the addition of one or more medications to obtain an effective blood pressure control, since the diuretic administered at the beginning of the antihypertensive regimen is only rarely associated with optimal blood pressure control.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42(6):1206–52.
Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Bohm M, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2013;31(7):1281–357.
Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Beevers G, de Faire U, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002;359(9311):995–1003.
de Simone G, Izzo R, Verdecchia P. Are observational studies more informative than randomized controlled trials in hypertension? Pro side of the argument. Hypertension. 2013;62(3):463–9.
Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA. 2002;288(23):2981–97.
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507–20.
Trimarco V, de Simone G, Izzo R, De Luca N, Giudice R, Marino M, et al. Persistence and adherence to antihypertensive treatment in relation to initial prescription: diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs. J Hypertens. 2012;30(6):1225–32.
De Luca N, Izzo R, Iaccarino G, Malini PL, Morisco C, Rozza F, et al. The use of a telematic connection for the follow-up of hypertensive patients improves the cardiovascular prognosis. J Hypertens. 2005;23(7):1417–23.
Izzo R, de Simone G, Trimarco V, Gerdts E, Giudice R, Vaccaro O, et al. Hypertensive target organ damage predicts incident diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(44):3419–26.
Greenberg G, Brennan PJ, Miall WE. Effects of diuretic and beta-blocker therapy in the Medical Research Council Trial. Am J Med. 1984;76(2A):45–51.
Messerli FH. Antihypertensive therapy: beta-blockers and diuretics-why do physicians not always follow guidelines? Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2000;13(2):128–31.
Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Bohm M, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(28):2159–219.
Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ. 2009;19(338):b1665.
Williams B, Lacy PS, Thom SM, Cruickshank K, Stanton A, Collier D, et al. Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation. 2006;113(9):1213–25.
Boutouyrie P, Achouba A, Trunet P, Laurent S. Amlodipine–valsartan combination decreases central systolic blood pressure more effectively than the amlodipine-atenolol combination: the EXPLOR study. Hypertension. 2010;55(6):1314–22.
Silvestri A, Galetta P, Cerquetani E, Marazzi G, Patrizi R, Fini M, et al. Report of erectile dysfunction after therapy with beta-blockers is related to patient knowledge of side effects and is reversed by placebo. Eur Heart J. 2003;24(21):1928–32.
Mancia G, Laurent S, Agabiti-Rosei E, Ambrosioni E, Burnier M, Caulfield MJ, et al. Reappraisal of European guidelines on hypertension management: a European Society of Hypertension Task Force document. Blood Press. 2009;18(6):308–47.
Sharma AM, Pischon T, Hardt S, Kunz I, Luft FC. Hypothesis: Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers and weight gain: a systematic analysis. Hypertension. 2001;37(2):250–4.
Elliott WJ, Meyer PM. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2007;369(9557):201–7.
Izzo R, de Simone G, Chinali M, Iaccarino G, Trimarco V, Rozza F, et al. Insufficient control of blood pressure and incident diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(5):845–50.
Gwadry-Sridhar FH, Manias E, Lal L, Salas M, Hughes DA, Ratzki-Leewing A, et al. Impact of interventions on medication adherence and blood pressure control in patients with essential hypertension: a systematic review by the ISPOR Medication Adherence and Persistence Special Interest Group. Value Health. 2013;16(5):863–71.
Caro JJ, Speckman JL, Salas M, Raggio G, Jackson JD. Effect of initial drug choice on persistence with antihypertensive therapy: the importance of actual practice data. CMAJ. 1999;160(1):41–6.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Trimarco, V., Izzo, R., Migliore, T. et al. Should Thiazide Diuretics be Given as First Line Antihypertensive Therapy or in Addition to Other Medications?. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 22, 55–59 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-014-0065-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-014-0065-0