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Single-step process of microstructural functionally graded Ti6Al4V by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

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Abstract

The objectives of this study are: (1) to verify whether using linear heat input alone is sufficient to predict the resulting microstructure of Ti6Al4V and (2) to demonstrate the potential of single-step process of functionally graded material using powder bed fusion. In laser powder bed fusion, linear heat input is defined as the ratio of laser power to scan speed. It is a key process variable that describes the unit energy input. Therefore, linear heat input has been extensively linked with the resulting microstructure. However, review of existing studies shows that when similar linear heat input was used, a marked difference in mechanical properties exists. Using proportionally changed laser power and scan speed in five zones, functionally graded specimens were fabricated in this study. All other parameters remain the same for these zones. Variation of microstructure and hardness across the five zones were obtained. This implies that linear heat input is not sufficient to determine the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties. The amplitude of laser power and scan speed has an effect on the resulting microstructure, so they need to be separately considered in future studies.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank David Connolly and Maja Drapiewska in the College of Engineering and Informatics (NUI Galway). The authors also acknowledge the facilities and scientific and technical assistance of the Centre for Microscopy & Imaging at the National University of Ireland Galway (www.imaging.nuigalway.ie).

Funding

This publication is supported by College of Informatics and Engineering (CoEI) Postgraduate Scholarship, NUI Galway.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland

    Yaoyi Geng & Noel Harrison

  2. South Eastern Applied Materials Research Centre, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland

    Brendan Phelan & Ramesh Raghavendra

  3. I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Waterford, Ireland

    Ramesh Raghavendra & Noel Harrison

  4. Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland

    Noel Harrison

  5. IComp Irish Composites Centre, Galway, Ireland

    Noel Harrison

  6. Centre for Marine and Renewable Energy Ireland (MaREI), Galway, Ireland

    Noel Harrison

Authors
  1. Yaoyi Geng
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  2. Brendan Phelan
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  4. Noel Harrison
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Contributions

Yaoyi Geng: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, validation, visualization and writing—original draft. Brendan Phelan: CT test. Ramesh Raghavendra: CT test. Noel Harrison: funding acquisition, supervision, conceptualization and writing—review.

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Correspondence to Yaoyi Geng.

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Recommended for Publication by Commission I - Additive Manufacturing, Surfacing, and Thermal Cutting

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Additive Manufacturing – Processes, Simulation and Inspection

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Geng, Y., Phelan, B., Raghavendra, R. et al. Single-step process of microstructural functionally graded Ti6Al4V by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Weld World 64, 1357–1366 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-00907-1

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