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Chemistry and pharmacology of Bidens pilosa: an overview

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Abstract

Bidens pilosa L. is an edible herb and has been traditionally used for a wide range of ailments in many countries. The aim of this review is to present comprehensive information of the chemical constituents, nutraceutical and ethnomedical uses as well as the biological and pharmacological effects and toxicity of this plant based on 218 literary sources reported over 40 years. Major chemical constituents (including 301 compounds) belonging to polyacetylenes, polyacetylene glycosides, flavonoids, flavone glycosides, aurones, chalcones, okanin glycosides, phenolic acids, terpenes, pheophytins, fatty acids and phytosterols have been identified or isolated from the different parts of this plant. Many of them have been considered as the bioactive compounds which are potentially responsible for the pharmacological actions. Various types of preparations, extracts and individual compounds derived from this plant have been found to possess biological and pharmacological activities such as anti-malarial, anti-allergy, anti-hypertensive and smooth muscle relaxant, anti-cancerogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant. The results of data analysis on the chemicals, pharmacological and toxicological characteristics of B. pilosa validate the view of its folk worldwide-medicinal uses. This herb has a great beneficial therapeutic property and is possibly used for complement or alternative to pharmaceutical drugs in some specific cases. However, this herb is known as hyperaccumulator and as-excluder; therefore, harvesting the herb for medicinal uses should be judiciously cautioned.

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Abbreviations

AAPH:

2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride

As:

Arsenic

Cd:

Cadmium

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

BTEC:

B. pilosa treated with the cellulosine enzyme

DPPH:

1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl

EtOAc:

Ethyl acetate

GSH:

Glutathione

IC −50 :

50 % inhibition concentration

IFN-γ:

Interferon gamma

HAE:

Crude hydroalcoholic extract

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

HSV:

Herpes simplex viruses

HUVEC:

Human umbilical vein endothelium cells

MeOH:

Methanol

Me2CO:

Acetone

NOD:

Nonobese diabetic

PHT:

Phenylheptatrine

PLN:

Popliteal lymph node

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TFB:

Total flavonoids of B. pilosa

Th0:

Naïve helper T

Th1:

Type I helper T

Th2:

Type II helper T

TI:

Thymidine incorporation

TPA:

12-O-Tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate

UV:

Ultraviolet

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Acknowledgments

The authors (T.D. Xuan, T.D. Khanh) declare that they do not have conflict of interest. Thanks are also due to James Davis Reimer (Transdisciplinary Subtropical Research Organization, University of the Ryukyus, Japan), Do Tan Khang, Phung Thi Tuyen, La Hoang Anh, and Do Tuan Bach for their constructive efforts to this manuscript.

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  1. Agricultural Genetics Institute, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Tran Dang Khanh

  2. Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Kayamiyama 1-5-1, Higashihiroshima, 739-8529, Japan

    Tran Dang Xuan

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Xuan, T.D., Khanh, T.D. Chemistry and pharmacology of Bidens pilosa: an overview. Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation 46, 91–132 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-016-0231-6

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