Abstract
In this study, residuals from iron adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from corn cobs (R/Fe-CAC) were reused as a heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of reactive blue 222 dye (RB222) with persulfate and UV process. Operational parameters as catalyst dose, pH, persulfate (PS) dose, and initial RB222 concentration were investigated. The R/Fe-CAC catalyst was characterized by SEM, TEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The results revealed that R/Fe-CAC with UV was able to activate PS to completely degrade RB222 within 10 min only at pH 3. A catalyst dose of 0.025 g/L is sufficient to obtain 100% removal efficiency of RB222 with PS/UV process. The degradation rate constants of RB222 were 0.0625 and 0.1162 min−1 for dye concentrations of 100 and 50 mg/L, respectively. Quenching experiments showed that sulfate radicals, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, and holes were responsible species for oxidation of RB222 dye. The extended operation of the R/Fe-CAC for five consecutive cycles confirmed the stability of photocatalytic activity and the potential of efficient reuse.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.Availability of data and materials
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
References
Ahmed Y, Yaakob Z, Akhtar P (2016) Degradation and mineralization of methylene blue using a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst under visible and solar light irradiation. Catal Sci Technol 6(4):1222–1232. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cy01494h
Appavu B, Thiripuranthagan S, Sureshkumar T (2020) Novel band gap engineered Bi5Nb3O15/N-rGOcomposite catalyst for photo degradation of reactive dyes. Mater Sci Eng B 252:114472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2019.114472
Atrak K, Ramazani A, Taghavi Fardood S (2019) Green synthesis of Zn 0.5 Ni 0.5 AlFeO 4 magnetic nanoparticles and investigation of their photocatalytic activity for degradation of reactive blue 21 dye. Environ Technol (United Kingdom). https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2019.1581841
Barathi S, Karthik C, Nadanasabapathi S, Padikasan IA (2020) Biodegradation of textile dye reactive blue 160 by Bacillus firmus (Bacillaceae: Bacillales) and non-target toxicity screening of their degraded products. Toxicol Rep 7:16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.11.017
Cai J, Liu J, Pan A, Liu J, Wang Y, Liu J, Sun F, Lin H, Chen J, Su X (2020) Effective decolorization of anthraquinone dye reactive blue 19 using immobilized Bacillus sp. JF4 isolated by resuscitation-promoting factor strategy. Water Sci Technol 81(6):1159–1169. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.201
Çelebi H (2019) The applicability of evaluable wastes for the adsorption of reactive black 5. Int J Environ Sci Technol 16(1):135–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1969-3
Chen KC, Wu JY, Liou DJ, Hwang SCJ (2003) Decolorization of the textile dyes by newly isolated bacterial strains. J Biotechnol 101(1):57–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(02)00303-6
Duarte F, Morais V, Maldonado-Hódar FJ, Madeira LM (2013) Treatment of textile effluents by the heterogeneous Fenton process in a continuous packed-bed reactor using Fe/activated carbon as catalyst. Chem Eng J 232:34–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.07.061
El-bendary N, El-etriby HK, Mahanna H (2021a) High performance removal of iron from aqueous solution using modified activated carbon prepared from corn cobs and luffa sponge. Desalin Water Treat 213:348–357
El-Bendary N, El-Etriby HK, Mahanna H (2021b) Reuse of adsorption residuals for enhancing removal of ciprofloxacin from wastewater. Environ Technol (United Kingdom). https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2021.1952310
Fatimah I, Wang S, Wulandari D (2011) ZnO/montmorillonite for photocatalytic and photochemical degradation of methylene blue. Appl Clay Sci 53(4):553–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.05.001
Fouad K, Gar Alalm M, Bassyouni M, Saleh MY (2020) A novel photocatalytic reactor for the extended reuse of W-TiO2 in the degradation of sulfamethazine. Chemosphere 257:127270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127270
Ghanbari F, Moradi M, Gohari F (2016) Degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in aqueous solutions using peroxymonosulfate/activated carbon/UV process via sulfate and hydroxyl radicals. J Water Process Eng 9:22–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2015.11.011
Gogoi J, Choudhury AD, Chowdhury D (2019) Graphene oxide clay nanocomposite as an efficient photo-catalyst for degradation of cationic dye. Mater Chem Phys 232:438–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.05.010
Güneş E, Kaygusuz T (2015) Adsorption of reactive blue 222 onto an industrial solid waste included Al(III) hydroxide: pH, ionic strength, isotherms, and kinetics studies. Desalin Water Treat 53(9):2510–2517. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.867414
Habibi MH, Mosavi V (2017) Synthesis and characterization of Fe2O3/Mn2O3/FeMn2O4 nano composite alloy coated glass for photo-catalytic degradation of reactive blue 222. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 28(15):11078–11083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6892-8
Hassani A, Khataee A, Karaca S (2015) Photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin by synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles on montmorillonite: effect of operation parameters and artificial neural network modeling. J Mol Catal A Chem 409:149–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2015.08.020
He K, Chen G, Zeng G, Chen A, Huang Z, Shi J, Huang T, Peng M, Hu L (2018) Three-dimensional graphene supported catalysts for organic dyes degradation. Appl Catal B Environ 228:19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.01.061
Jafari F, Nasirizadeh N, Mirjalili M (2020) Enhanced degradation of reactive dyes using a novel carbon ceramic electrode based on copper nanoparticles and multiwall carbon nanotubes. Chin J Chem Eng 28(1):318–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2019.05.001
Jamil A, Bokhari TH, Javed T, Mustafa R, Sajid M, Noreen S, Zuber M, Nazir A, Iqbal M, Jilani MI (2019) Photocatalytic degradation of disperse dye Violet-26 using TiO2 and ZnO nanomaterials and process variable optimization. J Market Res 9(1):1119–1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.11.035
Joseph A, Vellayan K, González B, Vicente MA, Gil A (2019) Effective degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution using Pd-supported Cu-doped Ti-pillared montmorillonite catalyst. Appl Clay Sci 168:7–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.10.009
Kiran S, Ali S, Asgher M (2013) Degradation and mineralization of azo dye reactive blue 222 by sequential photo-Fenton’s oxidation followed by aerobic biological treatment using white rot fungi. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 90(2):208–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0888-0
Kumar V, Ghosh P (2019) Performance evaluation of modified black clay as a heterogeneous fenton catalyst on decolorization of azure B dye: kinetic study and cost evaluation. Trans Tianjin Univ 25(5):527–539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-019-00195-x
Lan H, Wang A, Liu R, Liu H, Qu J (2015) Heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of acid red B over Fe2O3 supported on activated carbon fiber. J Hazard Mater 285:167–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.057
Li Y, Wang X, Huo H, Li Z, Shi J (2020) A novel binary visible-light-driven photocatalyst type-I CdIn2S4/g-C3N4 heterojunctions coupling with H2O2: synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic activity for Reactive Blue 19 degradation and mechanism analysis. Colloids Surf A 587:124322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124322
Mahanna H, Azab M (2020) Adsorption of Reactive Red 195 dye from industrial wastewater by dried soybean leaves modified with acetic acid. Desalin Water Treat 178:312–321. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.24960
Mahmoodi NM, Abdi J, Taghizadeh M, Taghizadeh A, Hayati B, Shekarchi AA, Vossoughi M (2019) Activated carbon/metal-organic framework nanocomposite: preparation and photocatalytic dye degradation mathematical modeling from wastewater by least squares support vector machine. J Environ Manag 233:660–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.026
Matzek LW, Carter KE (2016) Chemosphere Activated persulfate for organic chemical degradation: a review. Chemosphere 151:178–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.055
Mohd Adnan MA, Muhd Julkapli N, Amir MNI, Maamor A (2019) Effect on different TiO2 photocatalyst supports on photodecolorization of synthetic dyes: a review. Int J Environ Sci Technol 16(1):547–566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1857-x
Nekouei F, Nekouei S, Noorizadeh H (2018) Enhanced adsorption and catalytic oxidation of ciprofloxacin by an Ag/AgCl@N-doped activated carbon composite. J Phys Chem Solids 114:36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2017.11.002
Pascariu P, Cojocaru C, Samoila P, Airinei A, Olaru N, Rusu D, Rosca I, Suchea M (2020) Photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity of electrospun ZnO: Ag nanostructures. J Alloy Compd 834:155144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155144
Rodriguez S, Vasquez L, Romero A, Santos A (2014) Dye oxidation in aqueous phase by using zero-valent iron as persulfate activator: kinetic model and effect of particle size. Ind Eng Chem Res 53(31):12288–12294. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie501632e
Samy M, Ibrahim MG, Gar Alalm M, Fujii M (2020) Effective photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethazine by CNTs/LaVO4 in suspension and dip coating modes. Sep Purif Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116138
Singh J, Kaur H, Rawat M (2018) A novel green approach for the synthesis of tungsten oxide nanorods and its efficient potential towards photocatalytic degradation of reactive green 19 dye. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 29(16):13715–13722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9501-6
Tarkwa JB, Oturan N, Acayanka E, Laminsi S, Oturan MA (2019) Photo-Fenton oxidation of Orange G azo dye: process optimization and mineralization mechanism. Environ Chem Lett 17(1):473–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0773-0
Wang X, Song J, Huang J, Zhang J, Wang X, Ma RR, Wang J, Zhao J (2016) Activated carbon-based magnetic TiO2 photocatalyst codoped with iodine and nitrogen for organic pollution degradation. Appl Surf Sci 390:190–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.08.040
Younes H, Mahanna H, El-Etriby HK (2019) Fast adsorption of phosphate (PO4-) from wastewater using glauconite. Water Sci Technol 80(9):1643–1653. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.410
Younes H, El-Etriby HK, Mahanna H (2021) High removal efficiency of reactive yellow 160 dye from textile wastewater using natural and modified glauconite. Int J Environ Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03528-3
Yu X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Niu J, Zhao J, Wei Y, Yao B (2019) Photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin using Zn-doped Cu2O particles: analysis of degradation pathways and intermediates. Chem Eng J 374:316–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.05.177
Yusuff AS, Olateju II, Adesina OA (2019) TiO2/anthill clay as a heterogeneous catalyst for solar photocatalytic degradation of textile wastewater: catalyst characterization and optimization studies. Materialia 8:100484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100484
Zeng ZW, Tan XF, Liu YG, Tian SR, Zeng GM, Jiang LH, Liu SB, Li J, Liu N, Yin ZH (2018) Comprehensive adsorption studies of doxycycline and ciprofloxacin antibiotics by biochars prepared at different temperatures. Front Chem 6:1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00080
Zhang J, Shao X, Shi C, Yang S (2013) Decolorization of acid orange 7 with peroxymonosulfate oxidation catalyzed by granular activated carbon. Chem Eng J. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.07.108
Zhang Q, Chen J, Xie Y, Wang M, Ge X (2016) Inductive effect of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) on morphology and photocatalytic performance of Bi 2 WO 6. Appl Surf Sci 368:332–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.272
Zhao X, Niu C, Zhang L, Guo H, Wen X, Liang C, Zeng G (2018) Co-Mn layered double hydroxide as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of organic dyes by activation of peroxymonosulfate. Chemosphere 204:11–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.023
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the members of Sanitary Engineering Lab (SEL), Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. NE contributed to the material preparation and data collection. HM performed the analysis of data and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Editorial responsibility: Shahid Hussain.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mahanna, H., El-Bendary, N. Enhanced catalytic oxidation of reactive dyes by reuse of adsorption residuals as a heterogeneous catalyst with persulfate/UV process. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 10945–10956 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03856-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03856-4