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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Nucleation and growth rates of lactose as affected by ultrasound in aqueous solutions

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Dairy Science & Technology

This article was retracted on 25 March 2016

Abstract

The impact of ultrasound on promoting the crystallisation process including an increase in nucleation rate and the formation of more uniform crystals from a large number of substances has been reported in previous studies. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ultrasound in enhancing the crystallisation process of lactose and to model the effects of ultrasonic variables on nucleation rate, growth rate, and size distribution of lactose crystals in aqueous solutions. Ultrasound was applied to the lactose in water solutions at the constant frequency of 20 kHz and at 22 ± 1 °C using an ultrasonic probe. Spectrophotometry and direct microscopy techniques were used to measure the responses under study. The data were analysed by Design Expert software for modelling. The variables that significantly (P < 0.05) affected the responses were lactose concentration and amplitude, with concentration being the most significant. The sonicated sample at the optimal sonication conditions had 10.6 times higher nucleation rate and 5.6 times higher yield as compared to the control. The results of this study emphasised the potential effects of ultrasonic treatment in promoting the nucleation rate and yield in the manufacture of lactose. Furthermore, the fact that sonication time had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the responses implied that sonication duration can be kept to a minimum to save on energy and costs.

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Acknowledgments

This research has been funded by Dairy Innovation Australia Ltd. Their financial support and permission to publish is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia

    Mohammad Hasan Zamanipoor

  2. Food Science and Technology Program, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia

    Tuna Derya Dincer & Vijay Jayasena

  3. Dairy Innovation Australia Ltd, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia

    Bogdan Zisu

Authors
  1. Mohammad Hasan Zamanipoor
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  2. Tuna Derya Dincer
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  3. Bogdan Zisu
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  4. Vijay Jayasena
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Hasan Zamanipoor.

Additional information

This paper was submitted as part of the special issue published in Volume 93/4-5; July/September 2013: A selection of papers from the IDF/INRA International Symposium on Spray Dried Dairy Product (SDDP2012) held in Saint-Malo, France, 19-21 June 2012. Edited by: P. Schuck.

This article titled Nucleation and growth rates of lactose as affected by ultrasound in aqueous solutions and published in Volume 93, Issue 6, pages 595–604 has been retracted at the request of Curtin University resulting from an independent research misconduct inquiry conducted under the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research. Research misconduct was not found, however, the inquiry found that the paper was approved for final publication without the consent of all authors and recommended that the University request that the paper be retracted.

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Zamanipoor, M.H., Dincer, T.D., Zisu, B. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Nucleation and growth rates of lactose as affected by ultrasound in aqueous solutions. Dairy Sci. & Technol. 93, 595–604 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13594-012-0106-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13594-012-0106-1

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