Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Investigations on the Synthesis of Different Isotopes of Uranium Using Fusion Reactions

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Published:
Brazilian Journal of Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We have studied the synthesis of Uranium through all possible fusion reaction reactions. Suitable projectile/target combinations for the synthesis of Uranium is selected by studying the fusion cross section, compound nucleus probability \(P_{CN}\), survival probability\(P_{sur}\), and evaporation residue cross section. The present work is validated by comparisons with the experiments. The role of entrance channels parameters such as Coulomb interaction parameter (z), mean fissility (\(\chi _{m}\)), charge asymmetry (\(\alpha _{z}\)), and mass asymmetry (\(\eta _A\)) in the synthesis of Uranium is discussed. We have constructed empirical formulae for evaporation residue cross sections in terms of entrance channel parameters. After detailed investigation, it was found that \(^{4}He+^{234}Th\) is the suitable projectile-target combination which yields the largest production cross section. Furthermore, the possible projectile/target combinations to synthetize the different isotopes of Uranium are presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S. Hofmann, G. Münzenberg, The discovery of the heaviest elements. Rev. Mod. Phys. 72(3), 733 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. R. Briselet, C. Theisen, M. Vandebrouck, A. Marchix, M. Airiau, K. Auranen, H. Badran, D. Boilley, T. Calverley, D. Cox et al., Production cross section and decay study of es 243 and md 249. Physical Review C 99(2), 024614 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. F. Heßberger, S. Hofmann, D. Ackermann, V. Ninov, M. Leino, S. Saro, A. Andreyev, A. Lavrentev, A. Popeko, A. Yeremin, Decay properties of neutron-deficient nuclei in the region z= 86–92. Eur. Phys. J. A. 8(4), 521–535 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Gäggeler, D. Jost, A. Türler, P. Armbruster, W. Brüchle, H. Folger, F. Heßberger, S. Hofmann, G. Münzenberg, V. Ninov et al., Cold fusion reactions with 48ca. Nucl. Phys. A 502, 561–570 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. D. Mayorov, T. Werke, M. Alfonso, E. Tereshatov, M. Bennett, M. Frey, C. Folden III., Evaporation residue excitation function measurements in ti 50-and cr 54-induced reactions with lanthanide targets. Phys. Rev. C 92(5), 054601 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Mitsuoka, H. Ikezoe, K. Nishio, J. Lu, Sub-barrier fusion of deformed nuclei in 60 ni+ 154 sm and 32 s+ 182 w reactions. Phys. Rev. C 62(5), 054603 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. C. Morton, D. Hinde, J. Leigh, J. Lestone, M. Dasgupta, J. Mein, J. Newton, H. Timmers, Resolution of the anomalous fission fragment anisotropies for the o 16+ 208 pb reaction. Phys. Rev. C 52(1), 243 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. C. Sahm, H. Clerc, K.-H. Schmidt, W. Reisdorf, P. Armbruster, F. Hessberger, J. Keller, G. Münzenberg, D. Vermeulen, Fusion probability of symmetric heavy, nuclear systems determined from evaporation-residue cross sections. Nucl. Phys. A 441(2), 316–343 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. K.-H. Schmidt, P. Armbruster, F. Hessberger, G. Münzenberg, W. Reisdorf, C.-C. Sahm, D. Vermeulen, H.-G. Clerc, J. Keller, H. Schulte, The barrier for compound-nucleus formation in the nearly symmetric systems 86 kr+ 123 sb 209 fr and 124 sn+ 94 zr 218 th. Z. Phys. A: At. Nucl. 301(1), 21–28 (1981)

  10. D. Vermeulen, H.-G. Clerc, C.-C. Sahm, K.-H. Schmidt, J. Keller, G. Münzenberg, W. Reisdorf, Cross sections for evaporation residue production near the n= 126 shell closure. Z. Phys. A: At. Nucl. 318(2), 157–169 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. A. Belozerov, M. Chelnokov, V. Chepigin, T. Drobina, V. Gorshkov, A. Kabachenko, O. Malyshev, I. Merkin, Y.T. Oganessian, A. Popeko et al., Spontaneous-fission decay properties and production cross-sections for the neutron-deficient nobelium isotopes formed in the 44, 48 ca+ 204, 206, 208 pb reactions. Eur. Phys. J. A 16(4), 447–456 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y.T. Oganessian, V. Utyonkov, Y.V. Lobanov, F.S. Abdullin, A. Polyakov, I. Shirokovsky, Y.S. Tsyganov, A. Mezentsev, S. Iliev, V. Subbotin et al., Measurements of cross sections for the fusion-evaporation reactions 2 0 4, 2 0 6, 2 0 7, 2 0 8 pb+ 48 ca and 207 pb+ 34 s: Decay properties of the even-even nuclides 238 cf and 250 no. Phys. Rev. C 64(5), 054606 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. T. Sikkeland, A. Ghiorso, M.J. Nurmia, Analysis of excitation functions in cm (c, x n) no reactions. Phys. Rev. 172(4), 1232 (1968)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. G. Adamian, N. Antonenko, H. Lenske, L. Malov, Predictions of identification and production of new superheavy nuclei with z= 119 and 120. Phys. Rev. C 101(3), 034301 (2020)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. P. Jisha, A. Vinodkumar, B. Babu, S. Nath, N. Madhavan, J. Gehlot, A. Jhingan, T. Banerjee, I. Mukul, R. Dubey, et al, Evaporation residue measurements of compound nuclei in the a\(\approx\) 200 region. Phys. Rev. C 101(2), 024611 (2020)

  16. J. Liang, D. Shapira, C. Gross, J. Beene, J. Bierman, A. Galindo-Uribarri, J.G. Del Campo, P. Hausladen, Y. Larochelle, W. Loveland et al., Enhanced fusion-evaporation cross sections in neutron-rich s n 132 on n 64 i. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(15), 152701 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. V. Zagrebaev, W. Greiner, Synthesis of superheavy nuclei: a search for new production reactions. Phys. Rev. C 78(3), 034610 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. V. Zagrebaev, W. Greiner, Production of heavy and superheavy neutron-rich nuclei in transfer reactions. Phys. Rev. C 83(4), 044618 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. L. Zhu, W.-J. Xie, F.-S. Zhang, Production cross sections of superheavy elements z= 119 and 120 in hot fusion reactions. Phys. Rev. C 89(2), 024615 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. H. Manjunatha, L. Seenappa, N. Sowmya, K. Sridhar, Investigations on 54–60fe+ 238–244pu 296–302120 fusion reactions. Can. J. Phys. 99(1), 16–23 (2021)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. H. Manjunatha, N. Sowmya, N. Manjunatha, P.D. Gupta, L. Seenappa, K. Sridhar, T. Ganesh, T. Nandi, Entrance channel dependent hot fusion reactions for superheavy element synthesis. Phys. Rev. C 102(6), 064605 (2020)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. H. Manjunatha, K. Sridhar, N. Sowmya, Investigations of the synthesis of the superheavy element z= 122. Phys. Rev. C 98(2), 024308 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Nasirov, G. Mandaglio, G. Giardina, A. Sobiczewski, A. Muminov, Effects of the entrance channel and fission barrier in the synthesis of superheavy element z= 120. Phys. Rev. C 84(4), 044612 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. B. Sahu, C. Shastry, Asymmetric parabolic effective barrier model for heavy ion fusion and its relation to coupled channel effects. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 25(9), 1909 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. H. Manjunatha, L. Seenappa, P.D. Gupta, N. Manjunatha, K. Sridhar, N. Sowmya, T. Nandi, Quasifission and fusion-fission lifetime studies for the superheavy element z= 120. Phys. Rev. C 103(2), 024311 (2021)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. H. Manjunatha, N. Sowmya, N. Manjunath, L. Seenappa, Investigations on the superheavy nuclei with magic number of neutrons and protons. Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 29(5), 2050028–673 (2020)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. H. Manjunatha, N. Sowmya, K. Sridhar, L. Seenappa, A study of probable alpha-ternary fission fragments of 257 fm. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 314(2), 991–999 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. H. Manjunatha, K. Sridhar, Investigation to synthesis more isotopes of superheavy nuclei z= 118. Nucl. Phys. A 975, 136–153 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. N. Sowmya, H. Manjunatha, Competition between different decay modes of superheavy element z= 116 and synthesis of possible isotopes. Braz. J. Phys. 49(6), 874–886 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. N. Sowmya, H. Manjunatha, Investigations on the synthesis and decay properties of roentgenium. Braz. J. Phys. 1–14 (2020)

  31. N. Sowmya, H. Manjunatha, N. Dhananjaya, A. Nagaraja, Competition between binary fission, ternary fission, cluster radioactivity and alpha decay of 281 ds. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 323(3), 1347–1351 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. K. Sridhar, H. Manjunatha, H. Ramalingam, Search for possible fusion reactions to synthesize the superheavy element z= 121. Phys. Rev. C 98(6), 064605 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. K. Sridhar, H. Manjunatha, H. Ramalingam, A study on the synthesis of superheavy element z= 125. Braz. J. Phys. 49(2), 232–248 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. E. Dalgaard, H.J. Monkhorst, Some aspects of the time-dependent coupled-cluster approach to dynamic response functions. Phys. Rev. A 28(3), 1217 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. R. Morgenstern, D. Lorents, J. Peterson, R. Olson, Differential scattering of metastable he (2 s 3) on he (1 s 1) at energies between 5 and 10 ev. Phys. Rev. A 8(5), 2372 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. K. Nishio, H. Ikezoe, S. Mitsuoka, J. Lu, Fusion of deformed nuclei in the reactions of 76 ge+ 150nd and 28 si+ 198 pt at the coulomb barrier region. Phys. Rev. C 62(1), 014602 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. E. Piasecki, N. Keeley, M. Kisieliński, M. Kowalczyk, S. Khlebnikov, T. Krogulski, K. Piasecki, G. Tiourin, M. Sillanpää, W. Trzaska et al., Smoothing of structure in the fusion and quasielastic barrier distributions for the 20 ne+ 208 pb system. Phys. Rev. C 85(5), 054608 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. A. Samant, S. Kailas, A. Chatterjee, A. Shrivastava, A. Navin, P. Singh, Fission fragment anisotropies for 19 f+ 209 bi system. Eur. Phys. J. A 7(1), 59–64 (2000)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Y. Watanabe, A. Yoshida, T. Fukuda, T. Sekine, Y. Watanabe, H. Ikezoe, Y. Nagame, T. Ikuta, I. Nishinaka, Y. Mizoi et al., Measurement of fusion excitation functions of 27, 29, 31 al+ 197 au. Eur. Phys. J. A 10(4), 373–379 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. A.N. Andreev, D.D. Bogdanov, A.V. Eremin, A.P. Kabachenko, O.A. Orlova, G.M. Ter-Akop’yan, V.I. Chepigin, Measurement of cross sections for reactions with evaporation of light particles in the complete fusion channel in bombardment of au and pb by ne ions. Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 50(3), 381–385 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  41. G. Adamian, N. Antonenko, W. Scheid, Model of competition between fusion and quasifission in reactions with heavy nuclei. Nucl. Phys. A 618(1–2), 176–198 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. N. Antonenko, E. Cherepanov, A. Nasirov, V. Permjakov, V. Volkov, Competition between complete fusion and quasi-fission in reactions between massive nuclei the fusion barrier. Phys. Lett. B 319(4), 425–430 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. N. Antonenko, E. Cherepanov, A. Nasirov, V. Permjakov, V. Volkov, Compound nucleus formation in reactions between massive nuclei: Fusion barrier. Phys. Rev. C 51(5), 2635 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Government College for women, Kolar, 563101, Karnataka, India

    P. S. Damodara Gupta, H. C. Manjunatha & N. Sowmya

Authors
  1. P. S. Damodara Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. C. Manjunatha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. Sowmya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. Sowmya.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gupta, P.S.D., Manjunatha, H.C. & Sowmya, N. Investigations on the Synthesis of Different Isotopes of Uranium Using Fusion Reactions. Braz J Phys 51, 1803–1809 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-021-00973-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-021-00973-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation