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Effect of chronic chlorpyrifos exposure on diaphragmatic muscle contractility and MHC isoforms in adult rats

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Abstract

Object

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate insecticide widely used in crop applications. It exerts its toxicity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at cholinergic synapses. This study aims to investigate the impact of repeated dietary exposure to CPF during adulthood on the contractile performance of the diaphragm and hormonal regulation in male rats.

Methods

Three groups of 10 Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed daily to a diet mixed either with a vehicle (control group), a low dose of CPF (1 mg/kg/day; CPF1 group), or a higher dose of CPF (5 mg/kg/day, CPF5 group), for 6 consecutive weeks.

Results

CPF exposure at both doses increased the twitch tension, time to peak tension, half-relaxation time, and fatigability index of the diaphragm. The myofibrillar protein content was not affected in CPF1 group but increased in CPF5 group compared to controls. Alterations in the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms expression were observed in CPF1 group with increased expression of fast-twitch MHC IIa isoform without any significant modifications in the expression of the different MHC isoforms in CPF5 group. Independent of the used doses, CPF exposure induced a decrease in the testosterone level and an increase in the serum corticosterone and growth hormone levels.

Conclusion

Chronic exposure of adult male rats to CPF is associated with increased diaphragm contractile performance and fatigability which could be related to perturbations in anabolic and catabolic hormonal balance, and/or possible modification in the excitation–contraction coupling mechanism. This finding provides a deeper insight into the respiratory diaphragm muscle dysfunction associated with long-term dietary CPF exposure.

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Acknowledgements

This work was part of the Ph.D. studies of Hiba El Khayat El Sabbouri, funded by the “Association pour la Spécialisation et l’ orientation Scientifique” (Beirut, Lebanon) and was supported by a grant from the Lebanese University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Rammal Hassan Rammal, Équipe de Recherche PhyToxE, Faculté Des Sciences (Section V), Université Libanaise, Nabatieh, Lebanon

    Hiba El Khayat EL Sabbouri, Nancy Hallal, Walaa Darwiche, Wiam Ramadan & Wissam H. Joumaa

  2. PERITOX UMR-I-01, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France

    Hiba El Khayat EL Sabbouri, Jérôme Gay-Quéheillard & Véronique Bach

  3. Lebanese Institute for Biomedical Research and Application (LIBRA), Lebanese International University (LIU), Beirut, Lebanon

    Nancy Hallal & Wiam Ramadan

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  1. Hiba El Khayat EL Sabbouri
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Contributions

HEKES Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. NH Methodology, Writing—review & editing. WD Methodology, Writing—review & editing. JGQ: Conceptualization, Visualization, Writing—review & editing. VB: Conceptualization, Visualization, Writing—review & editing. WR: Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing—review & editing. WHJ Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Validation, Visualization, Writing—review & editing.

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Correspondence to Wiam Ramadan.

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Hiba El Khayat El Sabbouri, Nancy Hallal, Walaa Darwiche, Jérôme Gay-Quéheillard, Véronique Bach, Wiam Ramadan and Wissam H. Joumaa declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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EL Sabbouri, H.E.K., Hallal, N., Darwiche, W. et al. Effect of chronic chlorpyrifos exposure on diaphragmatic muscle contractility and MHC isoforms in adult rats. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci. 14, 77–87 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-021-00121-6

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