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Assessment of the Brazilian potential for the production of enzymes for biofuels from agroindustrial materials

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Abstract

Brazil is one of the largest bioethanol and biodiesel producers in the world. Its biodiversity and environmental characteristics create the opportunity to make Brazil a major producer of biotechnological products, such as enzymes for the bioenergy industry. This review gives a brief status of the production of amylases, cellulases, xylanases, and lipases and their application on the synthesis of bioethanol and biodiesel. The historical utilization of several agroindustrial by-products as feedstocks in such processes are presented, as well as the Brazilian market for these enzymes. Finally, an innovative and multidisciplinary approach based on geographic information systems is used in a case study for the estimation of the potential production of the biocatalysts in Brazil. Results indicate that the national production of concentrated preparations based on amylases, cellulases, lipases, and xylanases could reach 3.1 × 107, 3.2 × 107, 3.1 × 108, and 2.9 × 109 t, respectively. Therefore, Brazil presents a huge potential for the production of biocatalysts from renewable materials.

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Abbreviations

ACE:

Acetylxylan esterase

AFEX:

Ammonium fiber expansion

BC:

Babassu cake

CBC:

Castor bean cake

CBH:

Cellobiohydrolase

CC:

Corn cobs

E3BX:

Endo-1,3-β-xylosidase

E4BX:

Endo-1,4-β-xylanase

EU:

European Union

FAAE:

Fatty acid alkyl esters

FOB:

Free on board

FPU:

Filter paper units

FTAA:

Free Trade Area of the Americas

GAX:

Glucuronoarabinoxylan endo-1,4-β-xylanase

GHG:

Greenhouse gases

GIS:

Geographic information systems

IBGE:

The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics

LCA:

Life cycle assessment

NCM:

Common Numbering of the Mercosur

NEV:

Net energy value

NPPUB:

National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel

PEI:

Potential environmental impact

RB:

Rice bran

REX:

Reducing-end xylanase

RS:

Rice straw

SB:

Soybean bran

SCB:

Sugarcane bagasse

SHF:

Separate hydrolysis and fermentation

SLSF:

Simultaneous liquefaction, saccharification, and fermentation

SmF:

Submerged fermentation

SSCF:

Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation

SSF:

Solid-state fermentation

SSF*:

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

WB:

Wheat bran

WS:

Wheat straw

XBX:

Xylan-1,4-β-xylosidase

AC:

Acre

AL:

Alagoas

AM:

Amazonas

AP:

Amapá

BA:

Bahia

CE:

Ceará

DF:

Distrito Federal (capital)

ES:

Espírito Santo

GO:

Goiás

MA:

Maranhão

MG:

Minas Gerais

MT:

Mato Grosso

MS:

Mato Grosso do Sul

PA:

Pará

PE:

Pernambuco

PB:

Paraíba

PI:

Piauí

PR:

Paraná

RJ:

Rio de Janeiro

RR:

Roraima

RO:

Rondônia

RN:

Rio Grande do Norte

SC:

Santa Catarina

SE:

Sergipe

SP:

São Paulo

RS:

Rio Grande do Sul

TO:

Tocantins

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  1. Environmental Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, 2° Andar—Sala 12, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Silvia Machado de Castro

  2. Biotechnology Division, Research and Development Center, PETROBRAS, Av. Horácio Macedo, 950, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-915, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Aline Machado de Castro

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de Castro, S.M., de Castro, A.M. Assessment of the Brazilian potential for the production of enzymes for biofuels from agroindustrial materials. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 2, 87–107 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-012-0031-9

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