Abstract
We examined the joint effects of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)) and systemic inflammation (plasma C-reactive protein (CRP)) on longitudinal profiles of neurocognition in a cohort of 143 people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy. Global neurocognition, processing speed, motor skills, and attention/working memory all worsened as CRP increased but only among PWH who, on average, exhibited moderate to severe depressive symptoms (BDI-II > 22). Findings suggest that some PWH with chronically elevated depressive symptoms may have an inflammatory subtype of depression and a particular vulnerability to neurocognitive changes that may respond to drugs targeting inflammation or its neural sequelae.
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Acknowledgements
The San Diego HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center [HNRC] group is affiliated with the University of California, San Diego; the Naval Hospital, San Diego; and the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, and includes Director: Robert K. Heaton, Ph.D., and Co-Director: Igor Grant, M.D.; Associate Directors: J. Hampton Atkinson, M.D.; Ronald J. Ellis, M.D., Ph.D.; and Scott Letendre, M.D.; Center Manager: Jennifer Iudicello, Ph.D.; Donald Franklin, Jr.; and Melanie Sherman; NeuroAssessment Core: Ronald J. Ellis, M.D., Ph.D. (P.I.); Scott Letendre, M.D.; Thomas D. Marcotte, Ph.D.; Christine Fennema-Notestine, Ph.D.; Debra Rosario, M.P.H.; and Matthew Dawson; NeuroBiology Core: Cristian Achim, M.D., Ph.D. (P.I.); Ana Sanchez, Ph.D.; and Adam Fields, Ph.D.; NeuroGerm Core: Sara Gianella Weibel, M.D. (P.I.); David M. Smith, M.D.; Rob Knight, Ph.D., and Scott Peterson, Ph.D.; Developmental Core: Scott Letendre, M.D. (P.I.) and J. Allen McCutchan; Participant Accrual and Retention Unit: J. Hampton Atkinson, M.D. (P.I.); Susan Little, M.D.; and Jennifer Marquie-Beck, M.P.H.; Data Management and Information Systems Unit: Lucila Ohno-Machado, Ph.D. (P.I.) and Clint Cushman; Statistics Unit: Ian Abramson, Ph.D. (P.I.); Florin Vaida, Ph.D. (Co-PI),; and Anya Umlauf, M.S., Bin Tang, M.S.
Funding
Data for this study were collected as part of two larger studies: (1) the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC; NIMH award P30MH062512) and (2) the CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research program (CHARTER; NIH HHSN271201000036C and HHSN271201000030C). Additional funding was supported by NIA award F31AG064989 (stipend support to R.S.) and NIAAA award F31AA027198 (stipend support to E.W.P.).
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Saloner, R., Paolillo, E.W., Heaton, R.K. et al. Chronically elevated depressive symptoms interact with acute increases in inflammation to predict worse neurocognition among people with HIV. J. Neurovirol. 27, 160–167 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00925-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00925-1