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Forced hot-air treatment against Bactrocera papayae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in papaya

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Abstract

The Asian papaya fruit fly, Bactrocera papayae Drew and Hancock, was treated with hot-water immersion and forced hot air to develop a phytosanitary heat treatment schedule. Hot-water immersion tests were conducted with 12- and 24-h-old eggs and with first and third instar larvae to compare the relative thermotolerances of this fruit fly among these life stages. The 24-h-old eggs, the most thermotolerant among the four life stages tested, were subjected to time and temperature tests using cage-infested papaya fruits in a forced hot-air chamber. Heating the papayas to a minimum core temperature of 47.7 °C (95% confidence interval 47.2–48.3 °C) was estimated to induce probit-nine mortality based on a probit analysis of the data. Confirmatory tests in which papayas infested with 24-h-old eggs were heated to a minimum fruit core temperature of 47.2 °C that was maintained for 0–30 min followed by hydrocooling to a fruit core temperature of ≈25 °C resulted in the complete mortality of an estimated treated population of 43,425 eggs aged 24 h (99.9931% mortality at the 95% confidence level). Therefore, heating the papaya fruits to a core temperature of 47.2 °C for a minimum dwell time of 30 min, which was the longest dwell time in the confirmatory tests, may serve as a phytosanitary heat treatment schedule for the control of B. papayae in papaya fruits.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Zhao Jupeng (Guangdong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangzhou, China) for providing the colony of B. papayae, Dr. Ren Lili (Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine) for providing the results of fruit quality research, and the Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Research Grants (2014JK022) for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. 241, Huixinxijie, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China

    Bo Liu, Baishu Li, Guoping Zhan, Yuejin Wang & Chen Ma

  2. Yunnan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Kunming, 518045, People’s Republic of China

    Tao Zha

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  1. Bo Liu
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  2. Baishu Li
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  3. Guoping Zhan
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  4. Tao Zha
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  5. Yuejin Wang
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  6. Chen Ma
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Correspondence to Yuejin Wang.

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Liu, B., Li, B., Zhan, G. et al. Forced hot-air treatment against Bactrocera papayae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in papaya. Appl Entomol Zool 52, 531–541 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-017-0501-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-017-0501-4

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