Abstract
Drug delivery and the drug modalities in the discovery and development pipelines of the Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Industries have changed significantly over the last 25 years. Drug delivery was traditionally used primarily to enhance oral exposure or prolong exposure of small molecules and the early peptide drugs. The world is rapidly changing; the drug modalities are diversifying, and drug delivery scientists must play a more prominent role and are core to the genesis of innovative medicines of the future. This note shows where delivery science can play a critical role in treating diseases of the future. It outlines some of the skills, capabilities and behaviours that will be critical for the success of the next generation of medicines and illustrates where drug delivery science will be required at the inception of projects in discovery as well as in development where until recently this has predominantly been the case. Finally, it asks whether we are ready for this evolution.
References
Scannell JW, Blanckley A, Boldon H, Warrington B. Diagnosing the decline in pharmaceutical R&D efficiency. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2012;11:191–200.
Kola I, Landis J. Can the pharmaceutical industry reduce attrition rates? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004;3:711–5.
Amidon GL, Lennernas H, Shah VP, Crison JR. A theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutic drug classification: the correlation of in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability. Pharm Res. 1995;12:413–20.
Loftsson T, Brewster ME. Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins: basic science and product development. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2010;62:1607–21.
Butler JM, Dressman JB. The developability classification system: application of biopharmaceutics concepts to formulation development. J Pharm Sci. 2010;99:4940–54.
Buckley ST, Frank KJ, Fricker G, Brandl M. Biopharmaceutical classification of poorly soluble drugs with respect to “enabling formulations”. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2013;50:8–16.
Pouton CW. Formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs for oral administration: physicochemical and physiological issues and the lipid formulation classification system. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2006;29:278–87.
Zhou D, Schmitt EA, Law D, Brackemeyer PJ, Zhang GGZ. Assessing physical stability risk using the amorphous classification system (ACS) based on simple thermal analysis. Mol Pharm. 2019;16:2742–54.
Lipinski CA, Lombardo F, Dominy BW, Feeney PJ. Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001;46:3–26.
Sedo K. Drug Development and Delivery. 2020;20:18–23.
Kalepu S, Nekkanti V. Insoluble drug delivery strategies: review of recent advances and business prospects. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2015;5:442–53.
Morgan P, Brown DG, Lennard S, Anderton MJ, Barrett JC, Eriksson U, et al. Impact of a five-dimensional framework on R&D productivity at AstraZeneca. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2018;17:167–81.
Venditto VJ, Szoka FC Jr. Cancer nanomedicines: so many papers and so few drugs! Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2013;65:80–8.
Park K. The beginning of the end of the nanomedicine hype. J Control Release. 2019;305:221–2.
Germaina M CF, Metcalfe S, Tosid G, Spring K, Åslund A, Pottier A, et al. Delivering the power of nanomedicine to patients today. J Control Release. 2020.
Martins JP, das Neves J, de la Fuente M, Celia C, Florindo H, Gunday-Tureli N, et al. The solid progress of nanomedicine. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2020;10:726–9.
Lammers T, Kiessling F, Ashford M, Hennink W, Crommelin D, Storm G. Cancer nanomedicine: is targeting our target? Nat rev mater. 2016;1.
Ashford M, Balachander SB, Graham, L, Grant I, Gibbons FD, Hill KJ, Harmer AJ, et al. Design and optimisation of a dendrimer-conjugated dual Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor, AZD0466, with improved therapeutic index. Cancer Research, 2020; 80:1718.
Ashton S, Song YH, Nolan J, Cadogan E, Murray J, Odedra R, et al. Aurora kinase inhibitor nanoparticles target tumors with favorable therapeutic index in vivo. Sci Transl Med. 2016;8:325ra317.
Zhao P, Zhang Y, Lia W, Jeanty C, Xiang G, Dong Y. Recent advances of antibody drug conjugates for clinical applications. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2020.
Hare JI, Lammers T, Ashford MB, Puri S, Storm G, Barry ST. Challenges and strategies in anti-cancer nanomedicine development: an industry perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2017;108:25–38.
L. Jarvis, A quest to drug the undruggable, chemical and engineering news, 96 (2018).
Liu P, Wang Y, Li X. Targeting the untargetable KRAS in cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2019;9:871–9.
Van Hoecke L, Roose K. How mRNA therapeutics are entering the monoclonal antibody field. J Transl Med. 2019;17:54.
Sun N, Ning B, Hansson KM, Bruce AC, Seaman SA, Zhang C, et al. Modified VEGF-A mRNA induces sustained multifaceted microvascular response and accelerates diabetic wound healing. Sci Rep. 2018;8:17509.
Krueger TEG, Thorek DLJ, Denmeade SR, Isaacs JT, Brennen WN. Concise review: mesenchymal stem cell-based drug delivery: the good, the bad, the ugly, and the promise. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2018;7:651–63.
Wang X, Rivera-Bolanos N, Jiang B, Ameer GA. Advanced functional biomaterials for stem cell delivery in regenerative engineering and medicine, advanced functional materials. 2019;29.
Valeur E, Gueret SM, Adihou H, Gopalakrishnan R, Lemurell M, Waldmann H, et al. New modalities for challenging targets in drug discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2017;56:10294–323.
Cabral H, Matsumoto Y, Mizuno K, Chen Q, Murakami M, Kimura M, et al. Accumulation of sub-100 nm polymeric micelles in poorly permeable tumours depends on size. Nat Nanotechnol. 2011;6:815–23.
Donahue ND, Acar H, Wilhelm S. Concepts of nanoparticle cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and kinetics in nanomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2019;143:68–96.
Gilleron J, Querbes W, Zeigerer A, Borodovsky A, Marsico G, Schubert U, et al. Image-based analysis of lipid nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery, intracellular trafficking and endosomal escape. Nat Biotechnol. 2013;31:638–46.
Akinc A, Maier MA, Manoharan M, Fitzgerald K, Jayaraman M, Barros S, et al. The Onpattro story and the clinical translation of nanomedicines containing nucleic acid-based drugs. Nat Nanotechnol. 2019;14:1084–7.
Yanez Arteta M, Kjellman T, Bartesaghi S, Wallin S, Wu X, Kvist AJ, et al. Successful reprogramming of cellular protein production through mRNA delivered by functionalized lipid nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115:E3351–60.
Dahlman JE, Kauffman KJ, Xing Y, Shaw TE, Mir FF, Dlott CC, et al. Barcoded nanoparticles for high throughput in vivo discovery of targeted therapeutics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114:2060–5.
Clogston JD, Hackley VA, Prina-Mello A, Puri S, Sonzini S, Soo PL. Sizing up the next generation of nanomedicines. Pharm Res. 2019;37:6.
M. Ashford, Development and Commercialization of Nanocarrier-Based Drug Products, in: J.C.D.P.A.O.P.A.K.D.P.M.V.d. Voorde (Ed.) Pharmaceutical nanotechnology: innovation and production: innovation and production, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA2016.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Dr John Fell for his support and discussions to help the genesis and development of this article, Dr Paul Gellert for reading and commenting on an early draft and to Emily Fell for her expert assistance with the figures.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ashford, M. Drug delivery—the increasing momentum. Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res. 10, 1888–1894 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-020-00858-6
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-020-00858-6