Abstract
As a kind of transportation mode for crossing channels, undersea tunnel has incomparable advantages for its directness, convenience, fastness, insusceptibility to weather conditions, and smaller influences on environments. In recent years, with the development of undersea tunnel construction, the design and construction technologies have been greatly enhanced. The first undersea tunnel in China has just been built. Waterproofing is the key technique of undersea tunneling. A new concept of waterproofing scheme of grouting, sealing, draining and divided sections was adopted in the construction of the tunnel based on the researches, the in-situ geological features, the astuteness of the current technology, and the cost of construction. The structural details of the sealing and draining system are introduced to illustrate the salient features of the new waterproofing technique. It is hoped that experiences described in the paper can offer guidance for the construction of the extensive undersea tunnels in the coming years.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dahlø, T. S. and Nilsen, B., 1994. Stability and rock cover of hard rock subsea tunnels, Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 9(2): 151–158.
Kitamura, A., 1986. Technical development for the Seikan tunnel, Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 1(3–4): 341–349.
Palmström, A., 1994. The challenge of subsea tunneling, Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 9(2): 145–150.
Shin, J. H., Ahn, S. R. and Shin, Y. S., 2005. Pore water pressure development mechanism and sustainable tunnel design, Proceedings of Korean Civil Engineering Association Conference, 2943–2950.
Shin, J. H., Shin, Y. S., Kim, S. H. and Shin, H. S., 2007. Evaluation of residual water pressures on the linings for undersea running tunnels, Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26(Supp.2): 3682–3688.
Wang, M. S. and Huang, F. M., 2005. Key problems on subsea tunnel construction, Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 22(4): 1–4. (in Chinese)
Zhang, C. P., Zhang, D. L., Wan, M. S. and Guo, X. H., 2008. Study and engineering application of waterproofing and drainage system in Xiamen subsea tunnel, China Journal of Highway and Transport, 21(3): 69–75.
Zhu, G. Y., 2005. Detailed Design of Two-Stage Constructional Drawing of Xiamen Xiang’an Tunnel, Wuhan: CCCC Second Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Chongqing Communications Research and Design Institute. (in Chinese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2010CB732104) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2011JBM133).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, Tl., Zhang, Dl., Zeng, C. et al. Application of new concept waterproofing in Xiang’an undersea tunnel, China. China Ocean Eng 27, 121–130 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-013-0011-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-013-0011-2