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Surgical management of pediatric multiple magnet ingestions in the past two decades of minimal access surgery- systematic review of operative approaches

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Abstract

Background

Multiple magnet ingestion is increasingly reported in paediatrics and can cause significant morbidity. Various surgical approaches exist, though minimal literature compares outcomes between techniques. This review evaluates laparoscopic, laparoscopic-assisted, and open surgery with regard to outcomes.

Method

Systematic review across MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science identified reports of paediatric multiple magnet ingestion managed surgically between 2002 and 2022.

Results

Ninety-nine studies were included, reporting data from 136 cases. Of these, 82 (60%) underwent laparotomy, 43 (32%) laparoscopic surgery, and 11 (8%) laparoscopic-assisted procedures. Sixteen laparoscopic cases were converted to open, often due to intraoperative findings including necrosis/perforation, or grossly dilated bowel. Bowel perforation occurred in 108 (79%); 47 (35%) required bowel resection, and 3 had temporary stoma formation. Postoperative recovery was uneventful in 118 (86%). Complications were reported following 15 (18%) open and 3 (7%) laparoscopic surgeries. No complications occurred following laparoscopic-assisted surgery. All post-laparoscopic complications were Clavien-Dindo (CD) Grade I. Following open surgery, 5 complications were CD grade I, 6 were CD grade II, and 4 were CD grade IIIb, requiring re-laparotomy. Median length of stay for open and laparoscopic-assisted procedures was 7 days, and for laparoscopic was 5 days (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Surgical management of multiple magnet ingestion often achieved uncomplicated recovery and no long-term sequelae. Whilst open laparotomy was the more common approach, laparoscopic surgery was associated with reduced length of stay and postoperative complications. Therefore, in experienced hands, laparoscopic surgery should be considered first-line, with the possibility of conversion to open if required.

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Data availability

All data underlying the results are included in this article as references to published articles, or are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.

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  1. Department of Paediatric Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Imperial College London, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK

    Romilly K. Hayward & Amulya K. Saxena

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RH (data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, project administration). AKS (conceptualization, methodology, supervision and review and editing).

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Hayward, R.K., Saxena, A.K. Surgical management of pediatric multiple magnet ingestions in the past two decades of minimal access surgery- systematic review of operative approaches. Updates Surg (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-023-01750-x

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