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Palm oil wastes as feedstock for lipase production by Yarrowia lipolytica and biocatalyst application/reuse

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Abstract

Palm oil production chain generates a greasy residue in the refining stage, the Palm Oil Deodorizer Distillate (PODD), mainly composed of free fatty acids. Palm oil is also used industrially to fry foods, generating a residual frying oil (RFO). In this paper, we aimed to produce lipase from palm agro-industrial wastes using an unconventional yeast. RFO_palm, from a known source, consisted of 0.11% MAG + FFA, 1.5% DAG, and 97.5 TAG, while RFO_commercial, from a commercial restaurant, contained 6.7% of DAG and 93.3% of TAG. All palm oil wastes were useful for extracellular lipase production, especially RFO_commercial that provided the highest activity (4.9 U/mL) and productivity (465 U/L.h) in 75 h of processing time. In 48 h of process, PODD presented 2.3 U/mL of lipase activity and 48.5 U/L.h of productivity. RFO_commercial also showed the highest values for lipase associated to cell debris (843 U/g). This naturally immobilized biocatalyst was tested on hydrolysis reactions to produce Lipolyzed Milk Fat and was quite efficient, with a hydrolysis yield of 13.1% and 3-cycle reuse. Therefore, oily palm residues seem a promising alternative to produce lipases by the non-pathogenic yeast Y. lipolytica and show great potential for industrial applications.

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Abbreviations

CPO:

Crude palm oil

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

FA:

Fatty acid

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

FFA:

Free fatty acid

GC:

Gas chromatography

GRAS:

Generally recognized as safe

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

LMF:

Lipolyzed milk fat

MAG:

Monoacylglycerol

MOPS:

3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid

PODD:

Palm Oil Deodorizer Distillate

RFO:

Residual frying oil

RFO_commercial:

Residual frying oil from an original palm oil, obtained from a commercial fast-food restaurant

RFO_palm:

Residual frying oil from an original virgin palm oil, obtained by frying potatos for five times in a bench-scale

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

VPO:

Virgin palm oil

YPD:

Yeast Extract, Peptone, Dextrose

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Funding

The financial support of Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ—grant number E-26/202.870/2015 BOLSA), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES–001/Bolsa) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq—Bolsa).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Jully L. Fraga and Camila P. L. Souza share first authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil

    Jully L. Fraga, Camila P. L. Souza, Adejanildo da S. Pereira & Priscilla F. F. Amaral

  2. Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil

    Erika C. G. Aguieiras & Denise G. Freire

  3. Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional E de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil

    Laís O. de Silva & Alexandre G. Torres

  4. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Campus UFRJ - Duque de Caxias Prof. Geraldo Cidade, Duque de Caxias, RJ, 25.240-005, Brazil

    Erika C. G. Aguieiras

Authors
  1. Jully L. Fraga
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  2. Camila P. L. Souza
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  3. Adejanildo da S. Pereira
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  8. Priscilla F. F. Amaral
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Contributions

Conceptualization: PFFA, JF, ECGA; Data curation: PFFA; Formal analysis: LOS, JLF; Funding acquisition: AGT, PFFA, DGF; Investigation: CPLS, JLF; Methodology: CPLS, ASP, JLF, PFFA; Project administration: PFFA; Resources: AGT, PFFA, DGF; Software: JLF ASP; Supervision: PFFA; Validation: JLF; Visualization: CPLS, JLF, PFFA; Roles/Writing—original draft: CPLS, JLF, ASP; Writing—review & editing: PFFA, ECGA.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Priscilla F. F. Amaral.

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Conflict of interest

All authors declare no competing/ conflicts of interests. The funders had no decision on the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

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Fraga, J.L., Souza, C.P.L., Pereira, A.S. et al. Palm oil wastes as feedstock for lipase production by Yarrowia lipolytica and biocatalyst application/reuse. 3 Biotech 11, 191 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-021-02748-1

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