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Elicitation of silver nanoparticles enhanced the secondary metabolites and pharmacological activities in cell suspension cultures of bitter gourd

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Abstract

This study describes the influence of bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on phytochemicals and their pharmacological activities in the cell suspension cultures (CSC) of bitter gourd. To standardize the effect of sucrose, plant growth regulators, medium, AgNPs and growth kinetics for the biomass and bioactive compounds accumulation in CSC of bitter gourd. The medium comprising MS salts, sucrose (30 g/L) with 2,4-D (1.0 mg/L) and TDZ (0.1 mg/L) at 28 days of CSC was appropriate for biomass and bioactive compound accumulation. The contents of silver, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were highly elevated in AgNPs (10 mg/L)-elicited CSC when compared with non-elicited CSC. AgNPs (5 mg/L) elicited CSC extracts had significantly enhanced the production of total phenolic (3.5 ± 0.2 mg/g), and flavonoid (2.5 ± 0.06 mg/g) contents than in the control CSC extracts (2.5 ± 0.1 and 1.6 ± 0.05 mg/g). AgNPs (5 mg/L) elicited CSC showed a higher amount of flavonols (1822.37 µg/g), hydroxybenzoic (1713.40 µg/g) and hydroxycinnamic (1080.10 µg/g) acids than the control CSC (1199, 1394.42 and 944.52 µg/g, respectively). Because of these metabolic changes, the pharmacological activities (antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer) were high in the AgNPs (5 mg/L)-elicited CSC extracts in bitter gourd. The study suggested the effectiveness of elicitation process in enhancing the accumulation of phenolic compounds and pharmacological activities. AgNPs-elicited CSC offered an effective and favorable in vitro method to improve the production of bioactive compounds for potential uses in pharmaceutical industries.

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Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

AgNO3 :

Silver nitrate

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

AlCl3 :

Aluminum chloride

AOA:

Antioxidant activity

BAP:

Benzyl amino purine

C6N6FeK3 :

Potassium ferricyanide

CH3CO2K:

Potassium acetate

CSC:

Cell suspension culture

DNSA:

Dinitrosalicylic acid

DPPH:

1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

H8MoN2O4 :

Ammonium molybdate

IAA:

Indole acetic acid

ICP-MS:

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

MTT:

Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide

NAA:

Naphthalene acetic acid

NaClO:

Sodium hypochlorite

NH4OH:

Ammonia solution

PGRs:

Plant growth regulators

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

TDZ:

Thidiazuron

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

UHPLC:

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography

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Acknowledgements

This paper was supported by the KU Research Professor Program of Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea

    Ill-Min Chung, Govindasamy Rajakumar & Muthu Thiruvengadam

  2. Department of Environmental and Herbal Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613005, India

    Kaliyaperumal Rekha

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  1. Ill-Min Chung
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  2. Kaliyaperumal Rekha
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  3. Govindasamy Rajakumar
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  4. Muthu Thiruvengadam
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Contributions

MT designed and performed the experiment and also wrote the manuscript. IMC, KR and GR analyzed the experiments and helped to write the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muthu Thiruvengadam.

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Chung, IM., Rekha, K., Rajakumar, G. et al. Elicitation of silver nanoparticles enhanced the secondary metabolites and pharmacological activities in cell suspension cultures of bitter gourd. 3 Biotech 8, 412 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1439-0

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