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Simultaneous distribution of aflatoxins B1 and B2, and fumonisin B1 in corn fractions during dry and wet-milling

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Abstract

One of the limitations of the use of corn in the food chain is its contamination with mycotoxins. Reduction in their levels can be achieved by processing the grain, which in the case of corn can be achieved by wet or dry milling. The aim of this study was to compare the distribution of aflatoxins B1 and B2, and fumonisin B1 in corn fractions obtained by dry and wet milling, aiming to identify conditions to mitigate the risk of exposure to these contaminants. Naturally, contaminated corn kernels were subjected to laboratory milling. The wet-milling conditions containing 1% lactic acid in the steeping solution and 18 h of steeping were the most efficient for mycotoxin reduction in the endosperm fraction, reducing aflatoxins B1 and B2 contamination to levels below the limit of quantification. Dry-milling reduced the concentration of these mycotoxins in the endosperm (98–99%). Fumonisin B1 contamination increased in the germ and pericarp fraction by more than three times in both dry and wet milling. Dry-milling reduced fumonisin B1 contamination in the endosperm to levels below the limit of quantitation. Wet and dry milling processes can be an efficient control method to reduce aflatoxins and fumonisin in the corn endosperm fraction.

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Abbreviations

AFLAB2:

Aflatoxin B2

AFLAB1:

Aflatoxin B1

FB1:

Fumonisin B1

CCRD:

Central composite rotatable design

LOD:

Limit of detection

LOQ:

Limit of quantification

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Acknowledgements

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS).

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The authors have not disclosed any funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande–FURG, Avenida Italia km 8, Bairro Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil

    Kelly Cristina Massarolo, Priscila Rodrigues, Cláudia Fetter Jorge Ferreira & Eliana Badiale-Furlong

  2. Technology Center, State University of Maringá–UEM, Umuarama, PR, Brazil

    Larine Kupski

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  1. Kelly Cristina Massarolo
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  2. Priscila Rodrigues
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  3. Cláudia Fetter Jorge Ferreira
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  4. Larine Kupski
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  5. Eliana Badiale-Furlong
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Contributions

K.C.M. conceived the work. K.C.M., E.B.F and L.K designed and planned the major experiments. K.C.M, P.R and C.F.J.F performed laboratory analysis..C.M. wrote the main manuscript text. K.C.M, L.K, and E.B.F contributed intellectually and reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Eliana Badiale-Furlong.

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Massarolo, K.C., Rodrigues, P., Ferreira, C.F.J. et al. Simultaneous distribution of aflatoxins B1 and B2, and fumonisin B1 in corn fractions during dry and wet-milling. J Food Sci Technol 59, 3192–3200 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-022-05373-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-022-05373-9

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