Abstract
Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is one of the rare variants of chronic cholecystitis which is characterized by inflammation of gall bladder along with infiltration by acute and chronic inflammatory cells. Intramural accumulation of lipid laden macrophages in GB wall is the hallmark of the disease. XGC results in dense adhesion of gall bladder (GB) to surrounding structures, like duodenum, colon, and stomach. The intense GB inflammation results in gall bladder perforation and development of fistulous communication between gall bladder and surrounding structures. This may also lead to formation of inflammatory mass which closely mimic gall bladder malignancy. Often differentiation from carcinoma of GB (Ca GB) on the basis of clinical presentation and even on intra-operative and radiological findings is difficult, and the issue could only be resolved on final Histopathology (HPE). We review presentation and investigation of a patient, discuss our approach in managing dilemma in treating such cases of XGC, and review the literature.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rammohan A, Cherukuri SD, Sathyanesan J, Palaniappan R, Govindan M (2014) Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis masquerading as gallbladder cancer: can it be diagnosed preoperatively? Gastroenterol Res Practice 2014:253645. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/253645
Bolukbasi H, Kara Y (2020) An important gallbladder pathology mimicking gallbladder carcinoma: xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: a single tertiary center experience. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutaneous Tech 30(3):285–289. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLE.0000000000000781
Yang T, Zhang BH, Zhang J, Zhang YJ, Jiang XQ, Wu MC (2007) Surgical treatment of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: experience in 33 cases. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int: HBPD INT 6(5):504–508
Singh VP, Rajesh S, Bihari C, Desai SN, Pargewar SS, Arora A (2016) Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: what every radiologist should know. World J Radiol 8(2):183
Yabanoglu H, Aydogan C, Karakayali F, Moray G, Haberal M (2014) Diagnosis and treatment of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 18(8):1170–1175 (PMID: 24817291)
Guzmán-Valdivia G (2005) Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis in laparoscopic surgery. J Gastrointest Surg 9(4):494–7
Hong YU, Yu TN, Cai XJ (2013) Tumor biomarkers: help or mislead in the diagnosis of Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis? –Analysis of serum CA 19–9, carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA 12–5. Chin Med J 126(16):3044–3047. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999,20120341
Hijioka S, Mekky MM, Sawaki A, Mizuno N, Hara K, Imamura H et al (2010) “T1460: diagnosis utility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for diagnosis of gallbladder mass lesions. Gastrointest Endosc 71(5):AB282-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2010.03.673
Deng YL, Cheng NS, Zhang SJ, Ma WJ, Shrestha A, Li FY et al (2015) Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking gallbladder carcinoma: an analysis of 42 cases. World J Gastroenterol 21:12653–12659
Pandey A, Kumar D, Masood S, Chauhan S, Kumar S (2019) Is final histopathological examination the only diagnostic criteria for xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis? Niger J Surg 25(2):177–182. https://doi.org/10.4103/njs.NJS_1_19
Yoon YS, Han HS, Agarwal A et al (2019) Survey results of the expert meeting on laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder cancer and a review of relevant literature. Dig Surg 36:7–12
Navarro JG, Kang I, Hwang HK, Yoon DS, Lee WJ, Kang CM (2020) Oncologic safety of laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy in pT2 gallbladder cancer: a propensity score matching analysis compared to open approach. Medicine (Baltimore) 99(20):e20039. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000020039
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Chauhan, S.S., Kumar, N. & Rana, F. Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis Mimicking Gall Bladder Cancer: a Diagnostic Dilemma and Review of Literature. Indian J Surg Oncol 14, 796–799 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-023-01778-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-023-01778-w