Skip to main content
Log in

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ouazzane and Sidi Kacem provinces, Morocco (1997-2012)

Leishmaniose cutanée dans les provinces d’Ouazzane et Sidi Kacem, au Maroc (1997-2012)

  • Santé Publique / Public Health
  • Published:
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique

Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major public health problem in Morocco. Three distinct parasites are involved; Leishmania tropica, Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum. The objective of this study is to investigate the epidemiological and the clinical features of endemic foci of CL in Sidi Kacem and Ouazzane provinces in the north of Morocco including molecular identification of parasites. We studied the evolution and the distribution of 1,656 CL cases coming from 39 sectors in these provinces between 1997 and 2012. The causative agents of CL in these areas were identified by using the ITS1-PCR-RFLP method. A tendency of seasonality in incidence was observed, showing a peak in April. Most infected patients were from Ouazzane province. The patients’ ages ranged from 6 months to 85 years; 54% of them were females. The highest rate lesions were found in the age group of 9 years or less and most lesions were localized in the face (79.6%). The movement of populations from neighboring endemic areas and establishment of habitation in areas where housing conditions are unfavorable favored the emergence of the disease.

Résumé

La leishmaniose cutanée (LC) est un problème majeur de santé publique au Maroc. Trois parasites distincts sont impliqués: Leishmania tropica, Leishmania major et Leishmania infantum. L’objectif de cette étude est d’étudier l’épidémiologie et les caractéristiques cliniques des foyers endémiques de LC dans les provinces Sidi Kacem et Ouazzane au nord duMaroc, y compris l’identification moléculaire des parasites.Nous avons étudié l’évolution et la répartition de 1656 cas de LC provenant de 39 secteurs dans ces provinces entre 1997 et 2012. Les parasites responsables de la LC dans ces régions ont été identifiés en utilisant la méthode ITS1- PCR-RFLP. Une tendance à la saisonnalité de l’incidence a été observée, montrant un pic en avril. La plupart des patients infectés étaient de la province d’Ouazzane. L’âge des patients variait de 6 mois à 85 ans; 54 % d’entre eux étaient des femmes. Les taux les plus élevés des lésions ont été trouvés dans le groupe d’âge de 0 à 9 ans et la plupart des lésions étaient localisées sur le visage (79,6 %). Le mouvement des populations des régions endémiques voisines et l’installation des habitations dans les zones où les conditions de logement sont défavorables ont favorisé l’émergence de la maladie.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Al-Jawabreh A1, Schnur LF, Nasereddin A, et al (2004) The recent emergence of Leishmania tropica in Jericho (A’riha) and its environs, a classical focus of L. major. Trop Med Int Health 9 (7):812–6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Aoun K, Bouratbine A (2014) Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in North Africa: A review. Parasite, 21:14

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Aoun K, Ben Abda I, Bousslimi N, et al (2012) Caractérisation comparative des trois formes de leishmaniose cutanée endémiques en Tunisie. Ann Dermatol Vénéréol 139(6-7):452–8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Arroub H, Alaoui A, Lemrani M, Abbari K (2012) Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Foum Jamâa (Azilal, Morocco): Microenvironmental and Socio-Economical Risk Factors. J Agric Soc Sci 1:10–16

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chaara D, Haouas N, Dedet JP, et al (2014) Leishmaniases in Maghreb: An endemic neglected disease. Acta Trop 132:80–93

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hamdi S, Faouzi A, Ejghal R, et al (2012) Socio-economic and environmental factors associated with Montenegro skin test positivity in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in northern Morocco. Microbiol Res (Pavia) 3:e7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Haouas N, Garrab S, Gorcii M, et al (2011) Development of a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for Leishmania major/Leishmania killicki/Leishmania infantum discrimination from clinical samples, application in a Tunisian focus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 68(2):152–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kimutai A, Kamau NP, Kiprotich TW, et al (2009) Leishmaniasis in northern and western Africa: A Review. Afr J Infect Dis 3(1):26–30

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lemrani M, Nejjar N, Benslimane A (1999) A new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum in Northern Morocco. G Ital Med Trop 4:3–4

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. El Miri.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

El Miri, H., Faraj, C., Himmi, O. et al. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ouazzane and Sidi Kacem provinces, Morocco (1997-2012). Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 109, 376–380 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-016-0522-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-016-0522-1

Keywords

Mots clés

Navigation