Résumé
En République centrafricaine (RCA), nous ne disposons pas de données sur la gale sarcoptique, souvent cause de morbidité et de dépenses, la maladie étant souvent confondue et mal traitée. Il s’agit d’une étude transversale par dépouillement des dossiers des cas de scabiose observés au service de dermatologie-vénérologie de Bangui du 1er janvier 2006 au 31 décembre 2010. Le diagnostic reposait essentiellement sur l’association d’une notion de prurit à prédominance nocturne avec la notion de contage et les localisations préférentielles des lésions. Trois cent soixante-seize cas de scabiose ont été recensés sur un total de 6 391 patients (soit une prévalence hospitalière de 5,88 %) avec une fréquence élevée parmi la population de 0 à 9 ans (33 %), une importante atteinte des classes défavorisées (enfants d’âge préscolaires et élèves/étudiants respectivement 25,5 % et 26,3 %), une prédominance de nodules scabieux comme type de lésion clinique, une localisation à prédominance fessière et la complication la plus fréquente de type eczéma (19,9 %). Le benzoate de benzyle en solution à 25 % appliquée pendant deux jours de suite a donné des résultats très satisfaisants (96,7 % à J28) dans toutes les formes. La scabiose est présente en RCA avec des aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques classiques. Nous recommandons en première intention le benzoate de benzyle en deux jours d’application.
Abstract
The scabies infects about 300 million people worldwide. Its spread is linked to living conditions especially in economically poor countries. In Central African Republic (CAR) we do not have data on this disease often causes morbidity and expenses, and the disease is often confused and poorly treated. The authors’ goal was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of scabies in Bangui. This was a cross-sectional study by counting records of cases of scabies observed in the dermatology and venereology department of Bangui from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010. The diagnosis was based mainly on the combination of a concept of pruritus predominantly night with the notion of contagion and preferential localization of lesions. Three hundred and seventy six cases of scabies were identified from a total of 6391 patients (a hospital prevalence of 5.88%) with high frequency among the population aged 0 to 9 years (33%), an important achievement of the disadvantaged classes (preschool age and pupils / students respectively 25.5% and 26.3%), a prevalence of scabies nodules as type of clinical lesion, localization predominantly on buttocks and the most common complication of eczema-type (19.9 %). Benzyl benzoate solution at 25% applied for 2 consecutive days yielded very satisfactory results (96.7% on day 28) in all forms. The scabies is present in CAR with classical clinical and epidemiological aspects. We recommend first-line benzyl benzoate in two days of application.
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Kobangué, L., Guéréndo, P., Abéyé, J. et al. Gale sarcoptique : aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques à Bangui. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 107, 10–14 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-014-0324-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-014-0324-7
Mots clés
- Gale sarcoptique
- Scabiose
- Épidémiologie
- Clinique
- Traitement
- Hôpital
- Bangui
- République centrafricaine
- Afrique intertropicale