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Comparative phylogeography of the centipedes Cryptops pictus and C. niuensis (Chilopoda) in New Caledonia, Fiji and Vanuatu

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Abstract

The South Pacific is a biodiverse region of extreme evolutionary importance because it harbors ancient lineages and recent radiations. However, few population-level studies of genetic variation have been conducted in the land masses of this region. Likewise, the number of population-level studies using myriapods as models is extremely small. In this article, we compare the genetic structure of two species of centipedes in the genus Cryptops endemic to the South Pacific, one from a continental island, the other from oceanic islands. The level of genetic diversity and structure in C. pictus, a species endemic to New Caledonia, is much higher than in C. niuensis in Fiji and Vanuatu, despite the fact that C. niuensis is spread across two different archipelagos and several islands. The most likely explanation is the relatively young age of the remnants of the Vitiaz Arc (Fiji and Vanuatu) compared to New Caledonia. Using the emergence of Fiji-Vanuatu as a calibration point, C. pictus is estimated to have diverged by 23.4 Mya (upper 95% confidence interval) with a mean estimate of 11.7 Mya versus the 9.7 Mya of C. niuensis. Considering the absence of shared sequences between specimens from different sampling sites and the high genetic structuring within populations, C. pictus appears to be an ideal candidate to assess historical processes at a micro-evolutionary scale in New Caledonia.

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Acknowledgements

David Paulaud (Direction de l’Environnement, Service des Milieux Terrestres, Province Sud, New Caledonia) and Touasi Tiwok (Department of Environment, Vanuatu) provided collecting and export permits. We would like to thank Hervé Jourdan (Institut de Recherche et Développement, New Caledonia), Marika Tuiwawa (University of South Pacific, Suva, Fiji) and Livo Mele (Forest Department, Vanuatu) for providing invaluable logistical support. Prashant Sharma, Tokasaya Cakacaka, Philamon Ala and Cipriano Qeteqete helped to collect specimens. Geoff Monteith (Queensland Museum, Australia) provided additional specimens from New Caledonia. Field work was supported by the Goelet Award, the Kalathia Family Trust, the Exploration Fund and the Putnam Expedition Grant program (Museum of Comparative Zoology). Sónia Andrade provided comments on the analyses. Three anonymous reviewers and editors Petra Sierwald and Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds helped to greatly improve the clarity and the quality of the manuscript. This research was supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship to J.M. (grant 221099) within the 7th European Community Framework Program.

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  1. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA

    Jérôme Murienne & Gonzalo Giribet

  2. Department of Paleontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK

    Gregory D. Edgecombe

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Murienne, J., Edgecombe, G.D. & Giribet, G. Comparative phylogeography of the centipedes Cryptops pictus and C. niuensis (Chilopoda) in New Caledonia, Fiji and Vanuatu. Org Divers Evol 11, 61–74 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0041-7

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