Abstract
The genus Symbiodinium comprises a diverse group of dinoflagellates known for their obligate relationship with reef–building corals. Members of the sub-genus ‘clade C’ are abundant, geographically wide-spread, as well as genetically and ecologically diverse. Coral colonies harboring clade C are often the most exposed to physical stressors. The genotypic diversity, dispersal and genetic connectivity exhibited by these Symbiodinium are the subjects of an increasing number of population genetic studies utilizing microsatellites. Here we describe 18 new microsatellite loci and test their utility across four common clade C types. We obtained multi-locus genotypes with individual level resolution in each of these types. Our results indicate that multi-locus genotypes can be obtained for many members of clade C using a subset of these markers. Data from these markers may assess population dynamics during coral bleaching and recovery as well as resolve boundaries to genetic recombination among these closely related, yet ecologically distinct, lineages.
References
Bay LK, Howells EJ, van Oppen MJ (2009) Isolation, characterisation and cross amplification of thirteen microsatellite loci for coral endo-symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium clade C). Conserv Genet Resour 1(1):199–203
LaJeunesse TC, Bhagooli R, Hidaka M, Done T, deVantier L, Schmidt GW, Fitt WK, Hoegh-Guldberg O (2004) Closely-related Symbiodinium spp. differ in relative dominance within coral reef host communities across environmental, latitudinal, and biogeographic gradients. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 284:147–161
Raymond M, Rousset F (1995) GENEPOP (version 1.2): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J. Heredity 86:248–249
Reimer JD (2008) Implications for different diversity levels of Symbiodinium spp. (Dinophyceae, Suessiales) within closely related hosts: zoanthids (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia: Anthozoa) as a case study. Galaxea 10:3–13
Wham DC, Pettay DT, LaJeunesse TC (2011) Microsatellite loci for the host-generalist “zooxanthella” Symbiodinium trenchi and other Clade D Symbiodinium. Conserv Genet Resour 3:541–544
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the Penn State Genomics Core Facility at University Park for generating the 454 sequence data used in this study. This research was supported by the Pennsylvania State University, the National Science Foundation grants (OCE-09287664) and by the National Science Foundation - East Asia and Pacific Summer Institute (OISE-1108258).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wham, D.C., Carmichael, M. & LaJeunesse, T.C. Microsatellite loci for Symbiodinium goreaui and other Clade C Symbiodinium . Conservation Genet Resour 6, 127–129 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-013-0023-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-013-0023-5