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Conductivity and free volume studies on bismuth sulfide/PVA:polypyrrole nanocomposites

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Abstract

The polymer composite films of polyvinylalcohol:polypyrrole blend containing different wt% of bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) particles are prepared through in situ oxidation followed by solution casting method, where the particles are coated with blend matrix. The XRD studies affirm the enhanced crystallinity of the composites. The variation of crystallite size is measured with the Debye–Scherrer method. The DSC studies are used to investigate the glass transition that occurred in the Bi2S3 particles-filled polymer blend matrix. The AFM and SEM studies illustrated the effect of insertion of metallic sulfide particles on the surface morphology. The addition of bismuth sulfide particles results in the increased mechanical properties of the composite matrix. The electrical conductivity is determined by the Cole–Cole plot fitted using equivalent circuit model, and the conductivity is observed to be enhanced with an increase in filler content due to the enhanced conductive pathways. The variation of o-Ps lifetime, o-Ps intensity, average size of the free volume and fraction of free volume is studied using Tao–Eldrup Model. The obtained free volume parameters are correlated with the electrical, microstructural and thermal properties. The increased interfacial width is illustrated in terms of increased free volume size. The enhanced free volume provides more space for mobility of charge carriers, and hence the conductivity is enhanced.

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors, Vidyashree Hebbar is thankful to Karnatak University, Dharwad, for awarding UGC-UPE fellowship (KU/Sch/UGC-UPE/2014-15/890). The authors also thank the UGC, New Delhi, for the SAP-CAS Phase-II (F.530/9/CAS-II/2015(SAP-I) for providing research grants, and Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, for the research projects (SR/FTP/PS-011/2010), (SB/EMEQ-089/2013) and (SB/EMEQ-213/2014). The authors would like to acknowledge USIC, Karnatak University, Dharwad, for DSC and AFM facilities. The authors would further acknowledge MIT, Manipal, for XRD measurement facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580 003, India

    V Hebbar, M Nandimath & R F Bhajantri

  2. Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, 570 006, India

    H B Ravikumar & L M Munirathnamma

  3. Department of Chemistry, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580 001, India

    S Masti

  4. Department of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore, Karnataka, 574 199, India

    J Naik

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  1. V Hebbar
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  2. H B Ravikumar
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  5. L M Munirathnamma
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Correspondence to R F Bhajantri.

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Hebbar, V., Ravikumar, H.B., Nandimath, M. et al. Conductivity and free volume studies on bismuth sulfide/PVA:polypyrrole nanocomposites. Indian J Phys 93, 147–158 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-018-1280-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-018-1280-7

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