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A Highly Sensitive Photonic Crystal Fiber Gas Sensor for the Detection of Sulfur Dioxide

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Abstract

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the most prevalent contaminants in the atmosphere. It is mostly generated as a byproduct of the burning of sulfur-containing coal and oils, as well as the smelting of various ores. SO2 contributes to the development of major diseases such as asthma and chronic bronchitis. In this paper, we proposed a Wheel Structured circular air hole Photonic Crystal Fiber (WS-PCF) based gas sensor to detect SO2 gas. The proposed WS-PCF gas sensor consists of a four-layer-thick circular cladding air hole. The diameter of the first layer varies throughout the optimization procedure, while the diameters of the succeeding three layers remain constant. The numerical investigation on the sensor parameters such as numerical aperture, effective area, non-linearity, confinement, loss and the relative sensitivity of the proposed sensor are extensively analyzed in a wavelength range of 0.9 µm to 1.2 µm. The proposed WS-PCF gas sensor offers the highest relative sensitivity of 83.64% and a lower confinement loss of \(6.34 \times {10}^{-9 }dB/km\). The proposed sensor is simple and offers 14% high sensitivity and very low confinement loss (\(10^{-3}\;\mathrm{reported}\;\mathrm{in}\;\mathrm{literature}\)) compared with the exist literature.

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Acknowledgements

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support was received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, IFET College of Engineering, Villupuram, Tamilnadu, India

    Elizabeth Caroline Britto & S. Mohamed Nizar

  2. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India

    Prabu Krishnan

Authors
  1. Elizabeth Caroline Britto
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  2. S. Mohamed Nizar
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  3. Prabu Krishnan
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Dr. B. Elizabeth Caroline, Mr. S. Mohamed Nizar and Dr. Prabu Krishnan. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Mr. S.Mohamed Nizar and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to S. Mohamed Nizar.

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Britto, E.C., Nizar, S.M. & Krishnan, P. A Highly Sensitive Photonic Crystal Fiber Gas Sensor for the Detection of Sulfur Dioxide. Silicon 14, 12665–12674 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-022-01982-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-022-01982-3

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