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Dietary Supplementation of Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11322 Combinations Enhance Growth and Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

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Abstract

Experiments were conducted to identify different ratios of Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11322 mixtures at a concentration of 1 × 108 CFU/g diet; the effects on growth and cellular and humoral immune responses and the characteristics of disease protection in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Flounder were divided into six groups and fed control diet D-1 (without Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and L. plantarum KCCM 11322), positive control diets D-2 (Bacillus sp. SJ-10 at 1 × 108 CFU/g feed) and D-3 (L. plantarum KCCM 11322 at 1 × 108 CFU/g feed); or treatment diets D-4 (3:1 Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and L. plantarum KCCM 11322 at 0.75 + 0.25 × 108 CFU/g feed), D-5 (1:1 Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and L. plantarum KCCM 11322 at 0.50 + 0.50 × 108 CFU/g feed), or D-6 (1:3 Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and L. plantarum KCCM 11322 at 0.25 + 0.75 × 108 CFU/g feed) for 8 weeks. Group D-4 demonstrated better growth and feed utilization (P < 0.05) compared with the controls and positive controls. Similar modulation was also observed in respiratory burst for all treatments and in the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in different organs in D-4. D-4 and D-5 increased respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase activities compared with the controls, and only D-4 increased microvilli length. When challenged with 1 × 108 CFU/mL Streptococcus iniae, the fish in the D-4 and D-5 groups survived up to 14 days, whereas the fish in the other groups reached 100% mortality at 11.50 days. Collectively, a ratio-specific Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and L. plantarum KCCM 11322 mixture (3:1) was associated with elevated growth, innate immunity, and streptococcosis resistance (3:1 and 1:1) compared with the control and single probiotic diets.

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Funding

This research work was financially supported by the grant (R2021016) from the National Institute of Fisheries Science, Republic of Korea.

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Author notes

  1. Md Tawheed Hasan and Won Je Jang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea

    Md Tawheed Hasan, Won Je Jang & In-Soo Kong

  2. Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

    Md Tawheed Hasan

  3. Aquafeed Research Center, NIFS, Pohang, 791-923, Republic of Korea

    Bong-Joo Lee, Sang Woo Hur, Sang Gu Lim & Kang Woong Kim

  4. Aquaculture Management Division, NIFS, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea

    Kang Woong Kim

  5. Faculty of Marine Applied Bioscience, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea

    Hyon-Sob Han

  6. Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea

    Eun-Woo Lee

  7. Department of Marine Bio-Materials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea

    Sungchul C Bai

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  5. Sang Gu Lim
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  6. Kang Woong Kim
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  7. Hyon-Sob Han
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  8. Eun-Woo Lee
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  9. Sungchul C Bai
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  10. In-Soo Kong
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Contributions

First 2 authors contributed equally in this research.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sungchul C Bai or In-Soo Kong.

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All research activities were conducted according to “Animal Ethics Regulation-554” issued by “Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea”, which are in accordance with the guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals described by the US National Institutes of Health.

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Hasan, M.T., Jang, W.J., Lee, BJ. et al. Dietary Supplementation of Bacillus sp. SJ-10 and Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11322 Combinations Enhance Growth and Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 13, 1277–1291 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-021-09749-9

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