Abstract
In free space optical (FSO) communication, the signal performance is mainly affected by suspended dust concentration in atmosphere. The problem is more severe in urban areas, where dust concentration is generally high due to various construction activities, industrial and vehicular pollution. The main pollutants present in atmosphere are PM2.5 and PM10 which depends on size of pollutant. For various dust concentration, the signal performance is analyzed for BER, Q-factor, received power and SNR etc. A dual MUX configuration with MDM-PDM is implemented to enhance channel capacity and data transmission capabilities. The main objective of this work is to analyze FSO link performance for various attenuation conditions in dust environment and to come up with a best possible solution with enhanced channel capacity and link range. A total 80 Gbps transmission at 1550 nm wavelength is implemented while considering an FSO link range of up to 5000 m under dust conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Trichili, M.A. Cox, B.S. Ooi, M.S. Alouini, Roadmap to free space optics. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 37(11), A184–A201 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.399168
M.Z. Chowdhury, M.T. Hossan, A. Islam et al., A comparative survey of optical wireless technologies: architectures and applications. IEEE Access. 6, 9819–9840 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2792419
S.H. Alnajjar, A.A. Noori, A.A. Moosa, Enhancement of FSO communications links under complex environment. Photon. Sens. 7(2), 113–122 (2017)
M.A. Esmail, H. Fathallah, M.S. Alouini, An experimental study of FSO link performance in desert environment. IEEE Commun. Lett. 20(9), 1888–1891 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2586043
J. Perez, Z. Ghassemlooy, S. Rajbhandari, M. Ijaz, H.L. Minh, Ethernet FSO communications link performance study under a controlled fog environment. IEEE Commun. Lett. 16(3), 408–410 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2012.012412.112072
J. Libich, J. Perez, S. Zvanovec, Z. Ghassemlooy, R. Nebuloni, C. Capsoni, Combined effect of turbulence and aerosol on free-space optical links. Appl. Opt. 56, 336–341 (2017)
M.C. Baddock, C.L. Strong, J.F. Leys, S.K. Heidenreich, E.K. Tews and G.H. McTainsh, A visibility and total suspended dust relationship. Loughborough University. Journal contribution, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2134/17698
R. Bhatia, V. Upadhyay, PAPR reduction in OFDM system using hybrid OICF and phase rotation scheme. J. Optic. Commun. 40(2), 109–112 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0034
M. Singh, S.N. Pottoo, J. Malhotra, A. Grover, M.H. Aly, Millimeter wave hybrid OFDM-MDM radio over free space optical transceiver for 5G services in desert environment. Alexendr. Eng. Jl. 60(5), 4275–4285 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.03.029
H.A. Fadhil, A. Amphawan, A.B. Shamsuddin, T.H. Abd, M.R. Al-Khafaji, S.A. Aljunid, N. Ahmed, Optimization of free space optics parameters: an optimum solution for bad weather conditions. Optik 124(19), 3969–3973 (2013)
A. Amphawan, S. Chaudhary, V. Chan, Optical millimeter wave mode division multiplexing of LG and HG modes for OFDM Ro-FSO system. Optics Commun. 431, 9245–9254 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.07.054
M. Morant, J. Perez, R. Llorente, Polarization division multiplexing of OFDM radio-over-fiber signals in passive optical networks. Adv. Optic. Technol. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/269524
S. Chaudhary, L. Wuttisittikulkij, J. Nebhen, X. Tang, M. Saadi, S.A. Otaibi, A. Althobaiti, A. Sharma and S. Choudhary., Hybrid MDM-PDM based Ro-FSO system for broadband services by incorporating donut modes under diverse weather conditions. Frontiers in Physics. (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.756232
A. Sood, R. Kaushik, 160Gbit/s data transmission using combined subcarrier-polarization-mode division multiplexed OFDM-RoFSO system under different turbulence conditions. Opt. Quant. Electron. 55, 165 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04449-2
R. Bhatia, S. Prakash, E. Saini, Performance improvement of 60 GHz wireless optical systems with reverse parallel hybrid modulation scheme. Int. J. Commun. Syst. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.3848
R. Bhatia, S. Prakash, E. Saini, A performance enhanced bidirectional three-band lightwave transmission system for RoF and RoFSO link using serial and parallel modulators. J. Optoelectr. Adv. Mater. 21(1–2), 64–73 (2019)
A. Sood and R. Kaushik, Performance analysis of 20 Gbps-60GHz OFDM-RoFSO Transmission with ODSB and OSSB Modulation using Hybrid mode, in Proceedings of IEEE 7th International conference on signal processing & communication (ICSC), Noida, India. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/icsc53193.2021.9673279.
S. Prakash, R. Bhatia and E. Saini, Performance evaluation of ROF communication link using DSB and SSB modulated signals compensated with parallel modulation scheme, in 2016 International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA), Greater Noida, India, , pp. 1550–1553, (2016)https://doi.org/10.1109/CCAA.2016.7813969.
Y.F. Yang and T. Li., Study on the relationship between PM 2.5 concentration and visibility in Beijing based on light scattering theory, in Proc. SPIE 10697, Fourth Seminar on Novel Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Application. 106970O (2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2309478
T. Jeensorn, P. Apichartwiwat, W. Jinsart, PM 10 and PM 25 from haze smog and visibility effect in Chiang Mai Province Thailand. Appl. Environ. Res. 40(3), 1–10 (2018)
K. Kanchan, A.K. Gorai, P. Goyal, A review on air quality indexing system. Asian J. Atmosph. Environ. 9(2), 101–113 (2015)
A. Sood, R. Kaushik, 4×20 Gbps OFDM based RoFSO transmission using hybrid SCM-MDM under different turbulence conditions. Adv. Electr. Electr. Eng. 21(1), 48–58 (2023). https://doi.org/10.15598/aeee.v21i1.4656
A. Sood, R. Kaushik, 4 × 20 Gbps – 60 GHz hybrid RoF-FSO transmission link for last mile connectivity. J. Optics (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-023-01301-y
A. Sood, R. Kaushik, MIMO OFDM transmission over FSO with hybrid Multiplexing. IEEE Int. Conf. Signal Process. Commun. 8, 147–152 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSC56524.2022.10009495
M.A. Esmail, H. Fathallah and M.S. Alouini, Effect of dust storms on FSO communications links, in 4th International Conference on Control Engineering & Information Technology (CEIT), , pp. 1–6, (2016)
A. Sood, R. Kaushik, Performance analysis of 160 Gbps-60 GHz OFDM-MIMO RoFSO transmission with WDM-PDM dual multiplexing. J. Optic. Commun. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2023-0300
Funding
Authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Authors declare that they have no financial or any other conflict of interest that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this manuscript.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Sood, A., Kaushik, R. Radio over FSO link for OFDM based MDM-PDM transmission under different dust environment. J Opt (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-023-01607-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-023-01607-x