Abstract
Wallago attu swim bladder-infesting digenetic trematode Isoparorchis hypselobagri were kept in PBS media without glucose (control) and with glucose (treated) up to 300 h to note the amount of excretory–secretory protein (ES) through the collection of samples at an interval of 12 h. The quantitative estimation of ES protein revealed less in amount in the control incubation media than that of treated incubation media. The highest amount of ES protein in control media was 0.475 mg/ml at 84 h and in treated condition 1.905 mg/ml after 96 h of incubation. The lowest amount of ES protein was 0.038 mg/ml in control media after 180 and 192 h of incubation and 0.545 mg/ml in treated media after 168 and 180 h of incubation. The rate of excretion-secretion of protein in treated condition after every 12 h of incubation was much higher than the control. Significant amount of ES protein have also been recorded in the swim bladder washings. It is apparent that the amount of ES protein depends on the number and weight of the parasites involved with the interaction process.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adak, S., and B. Manna. 2008. Study on the rate of ammonia excretion in Isoparorchis hypselobagri (Billet, 1898). Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Diamond Jubilee special issue. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India, 279–283.
Adak, S., and B. Manna. 2011. Amino acid excretion in Isoparorchis hypselobagri (Billet, 1898). Proceedings of the Zoological Society 64(2): 128–131. doi:10.1007/s12595-011-0014-z.
Adak, S., and B. Manna. 2013. Urea excretion in Isoparorchis hypselobagri (Billet, 1898). Proceedings of the Zoological Society 66(2): 100–104. doi:10.1007/s12595-012-0043-2.
Adak, S., and B. Manna. 2014. Uric acid excretion in Isoparorchis hypselobagri (Billet, 1898). Proceedings of the Zoological Society 67(1): 63–66. doi:10.1007/s12595-013-0069-0.
Andrade, M.A., M. Siles-Lucas, J. López-Abán, C. Carranza, J.L. Pérez-Arellano, and A. Muro. 2005. Antigens from Ascaris suum trigger in vitro macrophage NO production. Parasite Immunology 27(6): 235–242.
Bungiro Jr, R.D., C.V. Solis, L.M. Harrison, and M. Cappello. 2004. Purification and molecular cloning of and immunization with Ancylostoma ceylanicum excretory–secretory protein 2, an immunoreactive protein produced by adult hookworms. Infection and Immunity 72(4): 2203–2213.
Choi, M.H., J.S. Ryu, M. Lee, S. Li, B.S. Chung, J.Y. Chai, P. Sithithaworn, S. Tesana, and S.T. Hong. 2003. Specific and common antigens of Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini (Opisthorchidae, Trematoda). The Korean Journal of Parasitology 41(3): 55–63.
Frank, G.R., C.A. Tripp, and R.B. Grieve. 1996. Molecular cloning of a developmentally regulated protein isolated from excretory–secretory products of larval Dirofilaria immitis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 75(2): 231–240.
Ganga, G., J.P. Varshney, and R.L. Sharma. 2006. Effect of Fasciola gigantica excretory secretory antigen on rat hematological indices. Journal of veterinary science (Suwŏn-si, Korea) 7(2): 123–125.
Jefferies, J.R., J. Barrett, and R.J. Turner. 1996. Immunomodulation of sheep and human lymphocytes by Fasciola hepatica excretory–secretory products. International Journal for Parasitology 26(10): 1119–1121.
Lowry, D.H., N.J. Rosebrough, A.L. Farr, and R.J. Randell. 1951. Protein measurement with Folin-Phenol reagent. The Journal of biological chemistry 193: 265–275.
Pappas, P.W. 1971. Localization of an insoluble excretory product in Cephalogonomus americanas (Trematoda). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 38A: 713–714. Partial characterization and isolation of 130 kDa antigenic protein of Dicrocoelium dendriticum adults. Veterinary Parasitology 134(3–4): 229–240.
Pérez-Sánchez, R., A. Ramajo-Hernández, V. Ramajo-Martín, and A. Olega. 2006. Proteomic analysis of the tegument and excretory–secretory products of adult Schistosoma bovis worms. Proteomics 6(S1): S226–S236.
Robinson, M.W., R. Greig, K.A. Beattie, D.J. Lamont, and B. Connoly. 2007. Comparative analysis of the excretory–secretory proteome of the muscle larva of Trichinella pseudospiralis and Trichinella spiralis. International Journal for Parasitology 37(2): 139–148.
Snedecor, G.W., and W.G. Cochran. 1967. Statistical methods. New Delhi: Oxford-IBH.
Taylor, A.E.R., and J.R. Baker. 1978. Methods of Cultivating Parasites in vitro, 11–12. New York: Academic press.
Vercauteren, I., P. Geldhof, I. Peelaers, E. Claerebout, G. Berx, and J. Vercruysse. 2003. Identification of excretory–secretory products of larval and adult Ostertagia ostertagi by immunoscreening of cDNA libraries. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 126(2): 201–208.
Verkuylen, A.J., M.J. Frenkel, T.A. Dopheide, and C.W. Ward. 1993. Characterization of the mRNA encoding a proline-rich 37-kilodalton glycoprotein from the excretory–secretory products of Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 58(2): 325–332.
Yatsuda, A.P., E. De Vries, M.C. Vieira Bressan, and M. Eysker. 2001. A Cooperia punctata gene family encoding 14 KDa excretory–secretory antigens conserved for trichostrongyloid nematodes. Parasitology 123(6): 631–639.
Zarlenga, D.S., M.L. Rhoads, and F.M. al-Yaman. 1994. A Taenia crassiceps cDNA sequence encoding a putative immunodiagnostic antigen for bovine cysticercosis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 67(2): 215–223.
Zhang, W., E. Moreau, W. Huang, and A. Chauvin. 2004. Comparison of humoral response in sheep to Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica experimental infection. Parasite 11(2): 153–159.
Acknowledgments
The authors are deeply indebted to Prof. K. L. Mukherjee, former Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Govt. of West Bengal, for his kind advice and active help with some chemical samples and also Dr. M. Mondal, Chemical Examiner to the Government of West Bengal, Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta for his interest and help, and to the Head, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta for laboratory facilities provided.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Adak, S., Manna, B. Excretory–Secretory Protein of Wallago attu-Infesting Isoparorchis hypselobagri (Billet, 1898). Proc Zool Soc 68, 155–158 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-014-0114-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-014-0114-7