Abstract
This study investigates the relationships between students’ satisfaction with their doctoral program and motivational and socio-environmental factors. In this study, doctoral students’ satisfaction with their program is measured by their learning experiences such as quality of theoretical knowledge, research methodology, and competency. The survey data for this study were collected at a comprehensive and research-focused university in South Korea. Findings indicate that socialization and motivational factors are associated with doctoral students’ satisfaction with their program. Additionally, this study suggests that academic advisors should pay more attention to the changing job markets for PhD students because students’ satisfaction with their doctoral program is strongly related to their future job prospects.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adler, P. A., & Adler, P. (2005). The identity career of the graduate student: Professional socialization to academic sociology. The American Sociologist, 36(2), 11–27.
Alves, H., & Raposo, M. (2007). Conceptual model of student satisfaction in higher education. Total Quality Management, 18(5), 571–588.
Auriol, L. (2010). Careers of doctorate holders. OECD report.
Austin, A. E. (2002). Preparing the next generation of faculty: Graduate school as socialization to the academic career. The Journal of Higher Education, 73(1), 94–122.
Austin, A. E. (2009). Cognitive apprenticeship theory and its implications for doctoral education: A case example from a doctoral program in higher and adult education. International Journal of Academic Development, 14(3), 173–183.
Baker, V. L., Pifer, M. J., & Flemion, B. (2013). Process challenges and learning-based interactions in stage 2 of doctoral education: Implications from two applied social science fields. The Journal of Higher Education, 84(4), 449–476.
Barnes, B. J., & Randall, J. (2012). Doctoral student satisfaction: An examination of disciplinary, enrollment, and institutional differences. Research in Higher Education, 53(1), 47–75.
Bieber, J. P., & Worley, L. K. (2006). Conceptualizing the academic life: Graduate students’ perspectives. The Journal of Higher Education, 77(6), 1009–1035.
Biglan, A. (1973). Relationships between subject matter characteristics and the structure and output of university departments. Journal of Applied Psychology, 57(3), 204–213.
Boud, D., & Tennant, M. (2006). Putting doctoral education to work: Challenges to academic practice. Higher Education Research & Development, 25(3), 293–306.
Bowen, W. G., & Rudenstine, N. L. (1992). In pursuit of the Ph. D. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Brailsford, I. (2010). Motives and aspirations for doctoral study: Career, personal, and inter-personal factors in the decision to embark on a history PhD. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 5(1), 16–27.
Churchill, H., & Sanders, T. (2007). Getting your PhD: A practical insider’s guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
Corts, D. P., Lounsbury, J. W., Saudargas, R. A., & Tatum, H. E. (2000). Assessing undergraduate satisfaction with an academic department: A method and case study. College Student Journal, 34(3), 399–399.
Deem, R., & Brehony, K. J. (2000). Doctoral students’ access to research cultures: Are some more unequal than others? Studies in Higher Education, 25(2), 149–165.
DeShields, O. W. Jr., Kara, A., & Kaynak, E. (2005). Determinants of business student satisfaction and retention in higher education: Applying Herzberg’s two-factor theory. International Journal of Educational Management, 19(2), 128–139.
Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 109–132.
Ehrenberg, R. G., Zucherman, H., Groen, J. A., & Brucker, S. M. (2010). Educating scholars. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Elliott, K. M., & Healy, M. A. (2001). Key factors influencing student satisfaction related to recruitment and retention. Journal of marketing for higher education, 10(4), 1–11.
Fochler, M., Felt, U., & Müller, R. (2016). Unsustainable growth, hyper-competition, and worth in life science research: Narrowing evaluative repertoires in doctoral and postdoctoral scientists’ work and lives. Minerva, 54(2), 175–200.
García-Aracil, A. (2009). European graduates’ level of satisfaction with higher education. Higher Education, 57(1), 1–21.
Gardner, S. K. (2008). “What’s too much and what’s too little?”: The process of becoming an independent researcher in doctoral education. The Journal of Higher Education, 79(3), 326–350.
Gardner, S. K. (2009). Student and faculty attributions of attrition in high and low-completing doctoral programs in the United States. Higher Education, 58(1), 97–112.
Gardner, S. K. (2010). Contrasting the socialization experiences of doctoral students in high-and low-completing departments: A qualitative analysis of disciplinary contexts at one institution. The Journal of Higher Education, 81(1), 61–81.
Gardner, S. K., & Gopaul, B. (2012). The part-time doctoral student experience. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 7(12), 63–78.
Golde, C. M. (2005). The role of the department and discipline in doctoral student attrition: Lessons from four departments. The Journal of Higher Education, 76(6), 669–700.
Golde, C. M., & Dore, T. M. (2001). At cross purposes: What the experiences of today’s doctoral students reveal about doctoral education. Philadelphia, PA: Pew Charitable Trusts
Gould, J. (2015). How to build a better PhD. Nature, 528(7580), 22.
Gregerman, S. R., Lerner, J. S., von Hippel, W., Jonides, J., & Nagda, B. A. (1998). Undergraduate student-faculty research partnerships affect student retention. The Review of Higher Education, 22(1), 55–72.
Gregg, W. E. (1972). Several factors affecting graduate student satisfaction. The Journal of Higher Education, 43(6), 483–498.
Hopwood, N. (2010). Doctoral experience and learning from a sociocultural perspective. Studies in Higher Education, 35(7), 829–843.
Horta, H., Sato, M., & Yonezawa, A. (2011). Academic inbreeding: Exploring its characteristics and rationale in Japanese universities using a qualitative perspective. Asia Pacific Education Review, 12(1), 35–44.
Ives, G., & Rowley, G. (2005). Supervisor selection or allocation and continuity of supervision: Ph.D. students’ progress and outcomes. Studies in Higher Education, 30(5), 535–555.
Jairam, D., & Kahl, D. H. Jr. (2012). Navigating the doctoral experience: The role of social support in successful degree completion. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 7, 311–329.
Kim, S. J. (2017). Characteristics of research and education in doctoral education by academic discipline. Korean Journal of Educational Administration, 35(2), 213–237.
Kram, K. E., & Isabella, L. A. (1985). Mentoring alternatives: The role of peer relationships in career development. Academy of management Journal, 28(1), 110–132.
Lee, A. (2008). How are doctoral students supervised? Concepts of doctoral research supervision. Studies in Higher Education, 33(3), 267–281.
Lee, A., Brennan, M., & Green, B. (2009). Re-imagining doctoral education: Professional Doctorates and beyond. Higher Education Research & Development, 28(3), 275–287.
Lee, K., & Lee, H. (2017). Korean graduate students’ perceptions of guidance and professional development. Higher Education, 73(5), 725–740.
Lim, H. (2018). STEM doctoral students’ research stress: Causes and coping mechanism. A case based on Seoul National University. Doctoral dissertation. Seoul National University.
Litalien, D., Guay, F., & Morin, A. J. (2015). Motivation for PhD studies: Scale development and validation. Learning and Individual Differences, 41, 1–13.
Lovitts, B. E. (2001). Leaving the ivory tower: The causes and consequences of departure from doctoral study. Lanham, ML, Rowman & Littlefield.
Lovitts, B. E. (2008). The transition to independent research: Who makes it, who doesn’t, and why. The Journal of Higher Education, 79(3), 296–325.
Maher, M. A., Timmerman, B. C., Feldon, D. F., & Strickland, D. (2013). Factors affecting the occurrence of faculty-doctoral student coauthorship. The Journal of Higher Education, 84(1), 121–143.
Mangematin, V. (2000). PhD job market: Professional trajectories and incentives during the PhD. Research Policy, 29(6), 741–756.
Mendoza, P. (2007). Academic capitalism and doctoral student socialization: A case study. The Journal of Higher Education, 78(1), 71–96.
National Science Foundation. (2015). Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities: 2015. Arlington, VA. Retrieved from http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/sed/2015/.
National Statistics Portal (2017). Doctoral degree holders report. Department of Statistics.
Nerad, M., & Cerny, J. (1999). Widening the circle: Another look at women graduate students. CGS Communicator, 32(6), 1–7.
Nettles, M. T., & Millett, C. M. (2006). Three magic letters: Getting to Ph. D. Baltimore, ML: JHU Press.
O’Meara, K., Knudsen, K., & Jones, J. (2013). The role of emotional competencies in faculty-doctoral student relationships. The Review of Higher Education, 36(3), 315–347.
Ogawa, A. (2002). Challenging the traditional organization of Japanese universities. Higher Education, 43(1), 85–108.
Pintrich, P. R. (2003). A motivational science perspective on the role of student motivation in learning and teaching contexts. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(4), 667.
Polka, J. (2014). Column: A wake-up call. Nature, 511(7508), 256–256.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54–67.
Shin, J. C. (2015). Mass higher education and its challenges for rapidly growing East Asian higher education. In J. C. Shin, G. A. Postiglione & F. Huang (Eds.), Mass higher education development in East Asia (pp. 1–23). Berlin: Springer.
Shin, J. C., & Cummings, W. K. (2010). Multilevel analysis of academic publishing across disciplines: Research preference, collaboration, and time on research. Scientometrics, 85(2), 581–594.
Shin, J. C., & Jung, J. (2014). Academics job satisfaction and job stress across countries in the changing academic environments. Higher Education, 67(5), 603.
Shin, J. C., Jung, J., & Lee, S. J. (2016). Academic inbreeding of Korean professors: Academic training, networks, and their performance. In J. F. Galaz-Fontes, A. Arimoto, U. Teichler & J. Brennan (Eds.), Biographies and careers throughout academic life. Berlin: Springer.
Shin, J. C., Jung, J., Postiglione, G. A., & Azman, N. A. (2014). Research productivity of returnees from study abroad in Korea, Hong Kong and Malaysia. Minerva, 52, 467–487.
Shin, J. C., Kim, Y. S., Lim, H. J., Shim, B. S., & Choi, Y. (2015). The “Sandwich Generation” in Korean Academe: between traditional academic authority and meritocratic culture. Studies in Higher Education, 40(8), 1406–1422.
Smaglik, P. (2014). Employment: PhD overdrive. Nature, 511(7508), 255–256.
Smeby, J. (2000). Disciplinary differences in Norwegian graduate education. Studies in Higher Education, 25(1), 53–67.
Sojkin, B., Bartkowiak, P., & Skuza, A. (2012). Determinants of higher education choices and student satisfaction: The case of Poland. Higher Education, 63(5), 565–581.
Suhre, C. J., Jasen, E. P., & Harskamp, E. G. (2007). Impact of degree program satisfaction on the persistence of college students. Higher Education, 54(2), 207–226.
Teichler, U. (2006). Changing structures of the higher education systems: The increasing complexity of underlying forces. Higher Education Policy, 19(4), 447–461.
Teichler, U. (2014). Doctoral education and training: A view across countries and disciplines. In L. W. Anderson & M. d. Ibarrola (Eds.), The nurturing of new educational researchers: Dialogues and debates (pp. 1–25). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Turner, J. L., Miller, M., & Mitchell-Kernan, C. (2002). Disciplinary cultures and graduate education. Emergences: Journal for the Study of Media & Composite Cultures, 12(1), 47–70.
Vekkaila, J., Pyhältö, K., & Lonka, K. (2013). Experiences of disengagement: A study of doctoral students in the behavioral sciences. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 8, 61–81.
Weidman, J. C., Twale, D. J., & Stein, E. L. (2001). Socialization of graduate and professional students in higher education: Perilous passage? San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Zhao, C.-M., Golde, C. M., & McCormick, A. C. (2007). More than a signature: How advisor choice and advisor behaviour affect doctoral student satisfaction. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 31(3), 263–281.
Acknowledgement
This study is supported from National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2014028698).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shin, J.C., Kim, S.J., Kim, E. et al. Doctoral students’ satisfaction in a research-focused Korean university: socio-environmental and motivational factors. Asia Pacific Educ. Rev. 19, 159–168 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-018-9528-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-018-9528-7