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Viruses Surveillance Under Different Season Scenarios of the Negro River Basin, Amazonia, Brazil

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Abstract

The Negro River is located in the Amazon basin, the largest hydrological catchment in the world. Its water is used for drinking, domestic activities, recreation and transportation and water quality is significantly affected by anthropogenic impacts. The goals of this study were to determine the presence and concentrations of the main viral etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis, such as group A rotavirus (RVA) and genogroup II norovirus (NoV GII), and to assess the use of human adenovirus (HAdV) and JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) as viral indicators of human faecal contamination in the aquatic environment of Manaus under different hydrological scenarios. Water samples were collected along Negro River and in small streams known as igarapés. Viruses were concentrated by an organic flocculation method and detected by quantitative PCR. From 272 samples analysed, HAdV was detected in 91.9 %, followed by JCPyV (69.5 %), RVA (23.9 %) and NoV GII (7.4 %). Viral concentrations ranged from 102 to 106 GC L−1 and viruses were more likely to be detected during the flood season, with the exception of NoV GII, which was detected only during the dry season. Statistically significant differences on virus concentrations between dry and flood seasons were observed only for RVA. The HAdV data provides a useful complement to faecal indicator bacteria in the monitoring of aquatic environments. Overall results demonstrated that the hydrological cycle of the Negro River in the Amazon Basin affects the dynamics of viruses in aquatic environments and, consequently, the exposure of citizens to these waterborne pathogens.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by VIROCLIME Project (http://www.viroclime.org) as part of the Seventh Framework Programme, EU Contract Number 243923. This research work is within the scope of the activities of FIOCRUZ as a collaborating centre of PAHO/WHO of Public and Environmental Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Pavilhão Helio e Peggy Pereira, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil

    Carmen Baur Vieira, Adriana de Abreu Corrêa & Marize Pereira Miagostovich

  2. Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, AM, 69057-070, Brazil

    Michele Silva de Jesus & Sérgio Luiz Bessa Luz

  3. Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB, UK

    Peter Wyn-Jones & David Kay

  4. Department of Water Hygiene, National Institute for Environmental Health, Gyáli út 2-6, Budapest, 1097, Hungary

    Marta Vargha

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  1. Carmen Baur Vieira
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Vieira, C.B., de Abreu Corrêa, A., de Jesus, M.S. et al. Viruses Surveillance Under Different Season Scenarios of the Negro River Basin, Amazonia, Brazil. Food Environ Virol 8, 57–69 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12560-016-9226-8

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