Abstract
This paper addresses the pursuit-evasion problem in which an omnidirectional agent (OA) wants to escape from the field of view of a differential drive robot (DDR). The sensor is modeled as a semi-infinite cone fixed to the DDR’s center and aligned to the DDR’s heading. The goal of the DDR is to maintain surveillance of the OA as long as possible. The OA has an opposite objective, and it wants to escape from the DDR’s sensor as soon as possible. The game takes place in a plane without obstacles. We determine the winner of the game and find the time-optimal motion strategies of the players to achieve their goals.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. Isaacs, Differential Games: A Mathematical Theory with Applications to Warfare and Pursuit, Control and Optimization, John Wiley and Sons, 1965.
T. Başar and G. J. Olsder, Dynamic Noncooperative Game Theory, SIAM, 1998.
U. Ruiz, R. Murrieta-Cid, and J. L. Marroquin, “Time-optimal motion strategies for capturing an omnidirectional evader using a differential drive robot,” IEEE Transactions on Robotics, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1180–1196, 2013.
U. Ruiz and R. Murrieta-Cid, “A differential pursuit/evasion game of capture between an omnidirectional agent and a differential drive robot, and their winning roles,” International Journal of Control, vol. 89, no. 11, pp. 2169–2184, 2016.
U. Ruiz, “A game of surveillance between an omnidirectional agent and a differential drive robot,” International Journal of Control, vol. 95, no. 6, pp. 1694–1706, 2022.
J. Lewin and G. J. Olsder, “Conic surveillance evasion,” Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 107–125, 1979.
P. Bernhard, “Singular surfaces in differential games an introduction,” Differential Games and Applications, Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 1–33, 1977.
J. Lewin, Differential Games: Theory and Methods for Solving Game Problems with Singular Surfaces, Springer, 2012.
A. W. Merz, The Homicidal Chauffeur — A Differential Game, Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University, 1971.
A. Friedman, Differential Games, Dover, 1971.
S. Bhattacharya and S. Hutchinson, “On the existence of Nash equilibrium for a two-player pursuit—evasion game with visibility constraints,” The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 831–839, 2010.
N. Karnad and V. Isler, “Lion and man game in the presence of a circular obstacle,” Proc. of 2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 5045–5050, 2009.
W. Li, “A dynamics perspective of pursuit-evasion: Capturing and escaping when the pursuer runs faster than the agile evader,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 451–457, 2016.
L. Bravo, U. Ruiz, and R. Murrieta-Cid, “A pursuit-evasion game between two identical differential drive robots,” Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 357, no. 10, pp. 5773–5808, 2020.
J. Lewin and J. V. Breakwell, “The surveillance-evasion game of degree,” Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, vol. 16, no. 3–4, pp. 339–353, 1975.
R. Murrieta-Cid, U. Ruiz, J. L. Marroquin, J. P. Laumond, and S. Hutchinson, “Tracking an omnidirectional evader with a differential drive robot,” Autonomous Robots, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 345–366, 2011.
D. J. Balkcom and M. T. Mason, “Time optimal trajectories for bounded velocity differential drive vehicles,” The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 199–217, 2002.
L. S. Pontryagin, V. G. Boltyanskii, R. V. Gamkrelidze, and E. F. Mishchenko, The Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes, John Wiley, 1962.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Ubaldo Ruiz received his Ph.D. degree in computer science from Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas (CIMAT), Guanajuato, México, in 2013. In 2013–2014, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Computer Science Department of the University of Minnesota. Since 2014, he is a CONA-CYT Research Fellow working at Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, Mexico. His research interests include robotics, differential games, optimal control, and motion planning.
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This work was financially supported by CONACYT grant A1-S-21934 and Catedras-CONACYT project 1850.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ruiz, U. Time-optimal Escape of an Omnidirectional Agent from the Field of View of a Differential Drive Robot. Int. J. Control Autom. Syst. 21, 292–305 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-021-0686-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-021-0686-8