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Effect of Ti/N Ratio on Grain Growth Inhibition in the Coarse-Grained Heat-Affected Zone of Low Carbon Steels Simulated for Ultra-High Heat Input and Tandem Electro-Gas Welding

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Abstract

In this study, the effect of the Ti/N ratio on the coarsening behaviour of (Ti, Nb)(C, N) precipitates and prior austenite grain size (PAGS) in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) during the welding process was investigated. Oscillation and tandem electro-gas welding (EGW) were simulated using the finite element method to calculate the thermal history of the CGHAZ. The calculated thermal history was applied to the Gleeble specimens to simulate the CGHAZ of tandem EGW. As the Ti/N ratio decreased to ~1.5, and the amount of N increased, finer and more (Ti, Nb)(C, N) precipitates existed in the as-rolled and CGHAZ specimens (peak temperature ~ 1335 °C), thereby producing a small PAGS. Comparing with the previous studies regarding to the isothermal kinetics conducted by isothermal heat treatment of Ti(C,N), the athermal kinetics (simulation of tandem EGW) of (Ti,Nb)(C,N) showed the insignificant growth of PAGS. Furthermore, Nb-rich precipitates were dissolved in the matrix above 1000 °C, and they did not contribute to the PAGS growth of the CGHAZ.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE, Korea) under the Industrial Technology Innovation Program Grant No. 20004932 and the Competency Development Program for Industry Specialists of Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) (Grant No. P0002019) in the Republic of Korea. The authors gratefully appreciate CBMM Technology Suisse SA and Hyundai Steel Co., Ltd., respectively, for providing financial support with valuable advice on PAGS (Dr. David Martin) and producing the specimens by analysing the PAGS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea

    Seonghoon Yoo, Byungrok Moon, Myeonghwan Choi, Xian Guo & Namhyun Kang

  2. KIURI Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea

    Junghoon Lee

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  1. Seonghoon Yoo
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  2. Byungrok Moon
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  3. Myeonghwan Choi
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  4. Xian Guo
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Contributions

Conceptualisation, SY and NK.; Data curation, SY and BM; Formal analysis, SY and MC; Investigation, SY and GX, Project administration, NK; Resources, JL; Supervision, NK; Visualisation, SY and JL; Writing original draft, SY and NK; Writing review and editing, SY and NK.

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Correspondence to Namhyun Kang.

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Yoo, S., Moon, B., Choi, M. et al. Effect of Ti/N Ratio on Grain Growth Inhibition in the Coarse-Grained Heat-Affected Zone of Low Carbon Steels Simulated for Ultra-High Heat Input and Tandem Electro-Gas Welding. Met. Mater. Int. 28, 2766–2777 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01157-6

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