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Behind the steps of ancient sheep mobility in Iberia: new insights from a geometric morphometric approach

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Abstract

In Western Europe, the transition from the middle Iron Age to the early Roman period implied changes in livestock practices, with the emergence of a specialized and selective animal husbandry. These changes have been related in Italy and south of France with changes in livestock management involving their mobility between ecologically complementary areas. The study of this question in the Iberian Peninsula has only been partially investigated through palaeoenvironmental analyses, and the information about the origin and significance of this phenomenon is very scarce. To shed new light on this topic we used an archaeozoological approach, with the application of geometric morphometrics. They were used to study size and shape variability in sheep astragali from 9 sites dating from the middle Iron Age to the early Roman period (5th c. BC–3rd c. AD) and located on the Pyrenees and on the north-eastern Iberian coast as a case study. The results we obtained, combined with Number of Identified Specimens (NISP) and kill-off patterns, showed local specificities in terms of breeding methods and sheep morphologies between the two areas during the middle Iron Age. On the contrary, sheep with similar size and the implementation and development of similar sheep husbandry practices in the Pyrenees and the north-eastern Iberian coast were documented during the early Roman period. These results suggest the existence of livestock links between these two areas during the Roman period, that could be involved a possible movement of sheep between the lowlands and the Pyrenees for the first time.

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Acknowledgements

LC would like to thank N. Pöllath for advice during processing of the data.

Funding

LC is currently supported by a postdoctoral grant from the Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica (ICAC), but would like to recognise a previous postdoctoral fellowship (n_FPDI-2013-18324) from the Government of Spain. Funding for this research has been provided within the framework of the project HAR2012-39087-C02.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica, Plaça d’en Rovellat, s/n, 43003, Tarragona, Spain

    L. Colominas & J.-M. Palet

  2. Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution–Montpellier, UMR 5554 - ISEM, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, 2 place Eugène Bataillon, CC065, bat. 21, 3eme étage, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France

    A. Evin

  3. Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Universitat de Girona, Plaça Ferrater Mora, 1 Campus Barri Vell, 17004, Girona, Spain

    J. Burch & J. Casas

  4. Université Toulouse II Jean Jaurès, UMR 5608, 1058, 5 Allée Antonio Machado, 31100, Toulouse, France

    P. Campmajó

  5. Museu d’Arqueologia de Catalunya-Empúries, C/Puig I Cadafalch s/n, 17130, Girona, l’Escala, Spain

    P. Castanyer & J. Tremoleda

  6. Departament de Ciències de l’Antiguitat i de l’Edat Mitjana, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain

    C. Carreras, J. Guardia & O. Olesti

  7. Museu d’Arqueologia de Catalunya-Girona, C/Pedret 95, 17007, Girona, Spain

    E. Pons

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  1. L. Colominas
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Table 1

Definition of landmarks used in this study. (XLSX 33 kb)

Figure 1

Scatterplot representation of the log (centroid) size of the lateral and plantar astragalus view comparing size variation between sites. (PDF 7 kb)

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Colominas, L., Evin, A., Burch, J. et al. Behind the steps of ancient sheep mobility in Iberia: new insights from a geometric morphometric approach. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 11, 4971–4982 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00837-0

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