Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Resource depression, climate change, and mountain sheep in the eastern Great Basin of western North America

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Strontium, oxygen, and carbon stable isotope analysis may be used in conjunction with archaeofaunal data to identify resource depression by demonstrating that prey were obtained from more distant locations. We use fauna from Five Finger Ridge, a Fremont site in central Utah, to demonstrate that relative abundances of mountain sheep (Ovis canadensis) declined during a period of increased summer precipitation. Strontium ratio values from this period indicate that sheep were acquired from different locations than the preceding period. Specimens from this period also show a moderate increase in carbon ratio values, suggesting that mountain sheep were acquired from higher altitudes. Oxygen isotopes do not vary between temporal periods, possibly the result of the countering effects of higher oxygen isotope values associated with increased summer temperatures and lower oxygen isotope values present at higher elevations. Collectively, these data support that there were localized population declines of mountain sheep that may be related to either climatic changes or hunting pressure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ambrose SH, Norr L (1993) Experimental evidence for the relationship of the carbon isotope ratios of whole diet and dietary protein to those of bone collagen and carbonate. In: Lambert JB, Grupe G (eds) Prehistoric human bone: archaeology at the molecular level. Springer, New York, pp 1–37

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey JA (1980) Desert bighorn, forage competition, and zoogeography. Wildl Soc Bull 8:208–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey JA (1984) Bighorn zoogeography: response to McCutchen, Hansen, and Wehausen. Wildl Soc Bull 12:86–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Balasse M (2003) Potential biases in sampling design and interpretation of intra-tooth isotope analysis. Int J Osteoarchaeol 13:3–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balasse M, Ambrose SH, Smith AB, Price TD (2002) The seasonal mobility model for prehistoric herders in the South-western Cape of South Africa assessed by isotopic analysis of sheep tooth enamel. J Archaeol Sci 29:917–932

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balasse M, Tresset A, Ambrose SH (2006) Stable isotope evidence (delta C-13, delta O-18) for winter feeding on seaweed by Neolithic sheep of Scotland. J Zool 270:170–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Balasse M, Tresset A, Dobney K, Ambrose SH (2005) The use of isotope ratios to test for seaweed eating in sheep. J Zool 266:283–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartram LE (1993) Perspectives on skeletal part profiles and utility curves from eastern Kalahari ethnoarchaeology. In: Hudson J (ed) From bones to behavior: ethnoarchaeological and experimental contributions to the interpretation of faunal remains, Center for Archaeological Investigations Occasional Paper 21, pp. 115–137

  • Benson LV, Hattori EM, Taylor HE, Poulson SR, Jolie EA (2006) Isotope sourcing of prehistoric willow and tule textiles recovered from western Great Basin rock shelters and caves—proof of concept. J Archaeol Sci 33:1588–1599

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bentley RA (2006) Strontium isotopes from the earth to the archaeological skeleton: a review. J Archaeol Method Theory 13:135–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bentley RA, Price TD, Stephan E (2004) Determining the ‘local’ Sr-87/Sr-86 range for archaeological skeletons: a case study from Neolithic Europe. J Archaeol Sci 31:365–375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binford LR (1978) Nunamiut ethnoarchaeology. Academic, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird D, O’Connell J (2006) Behavioral ecology and archaeology. J Archaeol Res 14:143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blaise E, Balasse M (2011) Seasonality and season of birth of modern and late Neolithic sheep from south-eastern France using tooth enamel δ18O analysis. J Archaeol Sci 38:3085–3093

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowen GJ, Wilkinson B (2002) Spatial distribution of δ18O in meteoric precipitation. Geol 30:315–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Britton K, Grimes V, Dau J, Richards MP (2009) Reconstructing faunal migrations using intra-tooth sampling and strontium and oxygen isotope analyses: a case study of modern caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti). J Archaeol Sci 36:1163–1172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broughton JM (1994a) Declines in mammalian foraging efficiency during the Late Holocene, San-Francisco Bay, California. J Anthropol Archaeol 13:371–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broughton JM (1994b) Late Holocene resource intensification in the Sacramento Valley, California: the vertebrate evidence. J Archaeol Sci 21:501–514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler VL (2000) Resource depression on the Northwest Coast of North America. Antiq 74:649–661

    Google Scholar 

  • Byers DA, Broughton JM (2004) Holocene environmental change, artiodactyl abundances, and human hunting strategies in the Great Basin. Am Antiq 69:235–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon MD (2001) Large mammal resource depression and agricultural intensification: an empirical test in the Mimbres Valley, New Mexico. Dissertation, Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle

  • Cerling TE, Harris JM (1999) Carbon isotope fractionation between diet and bioapatite in ungulate mammals and implications for ecological and paleoecological studies. Oecologia 120:347–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman JA (1975) Sylvilagus nuttallii. Mamm Species 56:1–3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman JA, Willner GR (1978) Sylvilagus audubonii. Mamm Species 106:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Coltrain JB, Leavitt SW (2002) Climate and diet in Fremont prehistory: economic variability and abandonment of maize agriculture in the Great Salt Lake Basin. Am Antiq 67:453–485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coplen TB (1995) Reporting of stable hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen isotopic abundances. Geothermics 24:707–712

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craig H (1961) Standard for Reporting Concentrations of Deuterium and Oxygen-18 in Natural Waters. Science 133:1833–1834

    Google Scholar 

  • Dansgaard W (1964) Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus 16:436–468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diefendorf AF, Mueller KE, Wing SL, Koch PL, Freeman KH (2010) Global patterns in leaf 13C discrimination and implications for studies of past and future climate. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107:5738–5743

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durrant SD (1952) Mammals of Utah, taxonomy and distribution., 6th edn. University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, Lawrence

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutton A, Wilkinson BH, Welker JM, Bowen GJ, Lohmann KC (2005) Spatial distribution and seasonal variation in 18O/16O of modern precipitation and river water across the conterminous USA. Hydrol Process 19:4121–4146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emery KF, Kennedy Thornton E (2008) A regional perspective on biotic change during the classic maya occupation using zooarchaeological isotopic chemistry. Quat Int 191:131–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epps CW, McCullough DR, Wehausen JD, Bleich VC, Rechel JL (2004) Effects of climate change on population persistence of desert-dwelling mountain sheep in California. Conserv Biol 18:102–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epps CW, Palsboll PJ, Wehausen JD, Roderick GK, McCullough DR (2006) Elevation and connectivity define genetic refugia for mountain sheep as climate warms. Mol Ecol 15:4295–4302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein S, Buchsbaum R, Lowenstam HA, Urey HC (1953) Revised carbonate-water isotopic temperature scale. Geol Soc Am Bull 64:1315–1326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faith JT, Gordon AD (2007) Skeletal element abundances in archaeofaunal assemblages: economic utility, sample size, and assessment of carcass transport strategies. J Archaeol Sci 34:872–882

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fenner JN (2009) Occasional hunts or mass kills? Investigating the origins of archaeological pronghorn bonebeds in southwest Wyoming. Am Antiq 74:323–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher JL (2010) Costly signaling and shifting faunal abundances at Five Finger Ridge, Utah. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle

  • Fisher JL (2012) Shifting prehistoric abundances of leporids at Five Finger Ridge, a Central Utah archaeological site. West North Am Nat 72:60–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fricke HC, O’Neil JR (1996) Inter- and intra-tooth variation in the oxygen isotope composition of mammalian tooth enamel phosphate: implications for palaeoclimatological and palaeobiological research. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 126:91–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friedli H, Lotscher H, Oeschger H, Siegenthaler U, Stauffer B (1986) Ice core record of the 13C/12C ratio of atmospheric CO2 in the past two centuries. Nature 324:237–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gat JR (1996) Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the hydrologic cycle. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 24:225–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geist V (1985) On Pleistocene bighorn sheep: some problems of adaptation, and relevance to today’s American megafauna. Wildl Soc Bull 13:351–359

    Google Scholar 

  • Geist V (1999) Adaptive strategies in American mountain sheep: effects of climate, latitude and altitude, ice age evolution, and neonatal security. In: Valdez R, Krausman PR (eds) Mountain sheep of North America. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp 192–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Grayson DK (1991) Alpine faunas from the White Mountains, California: adaptive change in the late prehistoric Great Basin? J Archaeol Sci 18:483–506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grayson DK (2006) Holocene bison in the Great Basin, western USA. Holocene 16:913–925

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grayson DK, Cannon M (1999) Human paleoecology and foraging theory in the Great Basin. In: Beck C (ed) Models for the millennium: Great Basin anthropology today. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, pp 141–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Grayson DK, Frey CJ (2004) Measuring skeletal part representation in archaeological faunas. J Taphon 2:27–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimstead DN (2012) Contradictions and complements: the use of geochemistry and body part utility analysis to detect nonlocal procurement strategies in late Holocene northern California. In: Glassow MA, Joslin TL (eds) Exploring methods of faunal analysis: insights from California archaeology. Perspectives in California archaeology 9. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, Los Angeles, pp 33–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimstead DN, Reynolds AC (2008) Spatial and temporal patterns of resource intensification from 87Sr/86Sr ratios of archaeofauna derived from Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Paper presented at the Society for American Archaeology, Vancouver, BC

  • Hall ER (1946) Mammals of Nevada. University of California Press, Berkeley

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall ER (1951) A synopsis of the North American Lagomorpha. University of Kansas, Lawrence, pp 196–202, University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History 5

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall ER (1981) The mammals of North America. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen MC (1982) Desert bighorn sheep: another view. Wildl Soc Bull 10:133–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmon C (1961) Standard for reporting concentrations of deuterium and oxygen-18 in natural waters. Science 133:1833–1834

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillson S (2005) Teeth, 2nd ed. Cambridge manuals in archaeology. Cambridge University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodell DA, Quinn RL, Brenner M, Kamenov G (2004) Spatial variation of strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) in the maya region: a tool for tracking ancient human migration. J Archaeol Sci 31:585–601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmeister DF (1986) Mammals of Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoppe KA (2004) Late Pleistocene mammoth herd structure, migration patterns, and Clovis hunting strategies inferred from isotopic analyses of multiple death assemblages. Paleobiology 30:129–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoppe KA, Koch PL, Carlson RW, Webb SD (1999) Tracking mammoths and mastodons: reconstruction of migratory behavior using strontium isotope ratios. Geol 27:439–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janetski JC (1994) Recent transitions in the eastern Great Basin: the archaeological record. In: Madsen DB, Rhode D (eds) Across the West: human population movement and the expansion of the Numa. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, pp 157–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Janetski JC (1998) Archaeology of Clear Creek Canyon. Brigham Young University, Provo, Museum of Peoples and Cultures Popular Series No. 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Janetski JC, Talbot RK, Newman DE, Richens LD, Wilde JD (2000) Clear creek canyon archaeological project: results and synthesis. Brigham Young University, Provo, Museum of Peoples and Cultures Occasional Papers No. 7

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen BD, Krausman PR, Bristow KD, Heffelfinger JR, deVos JC (2009) Surface mining and ecology of desert bighorn sheep. Southwest Nat 54:430–438

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall C, Coplen TB (2001) Distribution of oxygen-18 and deuterium in river waters across the United States. Hydrol Process 15:1363–1393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knudson KJ (2009) Oxygen isotope analysis in a land of environmental extremes: the complexities of isotopic work in the Andes. Int J Osteoarchaeol 19:171–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knudson KJ, Williams HM, Buikstra JE, Tomczak PD, Gordon GW, Anbar AD (2010) Introducing δ88/86Sr analysis in archaeology: a demonstration of the utility of strontium isotope fractionation in paleodietary studies. J Archaeol Sci 37:2352–2364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koch PL, Tuross N, Fogel ML (1997) The effects of sample treatment and diagenesis on the isotopic integrity of carbonate in biogenic hydroxylapatite. J Archaeol Sci 24:417–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohn MJ (2010) Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo)ecology and (paleo)climate. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107:19691–19695

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Körner C, Farquhar GD, Roksandic Z (1988) A global survey of carbon isotope discrimination in plants from high altitude. Oecologia 74:623–632

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krausman PR, Sandoval AV, Etchberger RC (1999) Natural history of desert bighorn sheep. In: Valdez R, Krausman PR (eds) Mountain sheep of North America. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp 139–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee-Thorp JA, Sealy JC, van der Merwe NJ (1989) Stable carbon isotope ratio differences between bone collagen and bone apatite, and their relationship to diet. J Archaeol Sci 16:585–599

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longinelli A (1984) Oxygen isotopes in mammal bone phosphate: a new tool for paleohydrological and paleoclimatological research? Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:385–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lupo KD (2001) Archaeological skeletal part profiles and differential transport: an ethnoarchaeological example from Hadza bone assemblages. J Anthropol Archaeol 20:361–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lupo KD (2006) What explains the carcass field processing and transport decisions of contemporary hunter-gatherers? Measures of economic anatomy and zooarchaeological skeletal part representation. J Archaeol Method Theory 13:19–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lupo KD (2007) Evolutionary foraging models in zooarchaeological analysis: recent applications and future challenges. J Archaeol Res 15:143–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luz B, Kolodny Y (1985) Oxygen isotope variations in phosphate of biogenic apatites, IV. Mammal teeth and bones. Earth Planet Sci Lett 75:29–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luz B, Kolodny Y, Horowitz M (1984) Fractionation of oxygen isotopes between mammalian bone-phosphate and environmental drinking water. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:1689–1693

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyman RL (2003) Pinniped behavior, foraging theory, and the depression of metapopulations and nondepression of a local population on the southern Northwest Coast of North America. J Anthropol Archaeol 22:376–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madrigal TC, Capaldo SD (1999) White-tailed deer marrow yields and late archaic hunter-gatherers. J Archaeol Sci 26:241–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madsen DB (1989) Exploring the Fremont. Utah Museum of Natural History, Salt Lake City, Occasional publication (Utah Museum of Natural History) no. 8

    Google Scholar 

  • Madsen DB, Simms SR (1998) The Fremont complex: a behavioral perspective (North America, anthropology). J World Prehist 12:255–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magurran AE (1988) Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McCutchen HE (1981) Desert bighorn zoogeography and adaptation in relation to historic land use. Wildl Soc Bull 9:171–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe D, Jones KT (1988) A reconsideration of animal body-part utility indexes. Am Antiq 53:486–504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morin E (2007) Fat composition and Nunamiut decision-making: a new look at the marrow and bone grease indices. J Archaeol Sci 34:69–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagaoka L (2005) Declining foraging efficiency and moa carcass exploitation in southern New Zealand. J Archaeol Sci 32:1328–1338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newman DE (2000) Paleoenvironment. In: Janetski JC, Talbot RK, Newman DE, Richens LD, Wilde JD (eds) Clear Creek Canyon archaeological project: results and synthesis. Brigham Young University, Provo, pp 241–246, Museum of Peoples and Cultures Occasional Papers No. 7

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Connell JF, Hawkes K, Blurton Jones N (1990) Reanalysis of large mammal body part transport among the Hadza. J Archaeol Sci 17:301–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Leary M (1988) Carbon isotopes in photosynthesis. Biosci 38:328–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papouchis CM, Singer FJ, Sloan WB (2001) Responses of desert bighorn sheep to increased human recreation. J Wildl Manag 65(3):573–582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paruelo JM, Lauenroth WK (1996) Relative abundance of plant functional types in grasslands and shrublands of North America. Ecol Appl 6:1212–1224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Passey BH, Robinson TF, Ayliffe LK, Cerling TE, Sponheimer M, Dearing MD et al (2005) Carbon isotope fractionation between diet, breath CO2, and bioapatite in different mammals. J Archaeol Sci 32:1459–1470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Price TD, Burton JH, Bentley RA (2002) The characterization of biologically available strontium isotope ratios for the study of prehistoric migration. Archaeom 44:117–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhode D (2000) Holocene vegetation history in the Bonneville Basin. In: Madsen DB (ed) Late Quaternary paleoecology in the Bonneville Basin. Utah Geological Survey, Salt Lake City, pp 149–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Shackleton, DM (1985) Ovis canadensis. Mamm Species 230:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Sponheimer M, Lee-Thorp JA (1999) Oxygen isotopes in enamel carbonate and their ecological significance. J Archaeol Sci 26:723–728

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens DW, Krebs JR (1986) Foraging theory. Monographs in behavior and ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Stiner MC (2002) On in-situ attrition and vertebrate body part profiles. J Archaeol Sci 29:979–991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Talbot RK, Richens LD, Wilde JD, Janetski JC, Newman DE (2000) Excavations at Five Finger Ridge, Clear Creek Canyon, Central Utah. Museum of Peoples and Cultures Occasional Papers No. 5. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

  • Talbot RK, Wilde JD (1989) Giving form to the formative: shifting settlement patterns in the eastern Great Basin and northern Colorado Plateau. Utah Archaeol 2:3–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Teeri JA, Stowe LG (1976) Climatic patterns and distribution of C4 grasses in North America. Oecologia 23:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Tieszen LL, Fagre T (1993) Effect of diet quality and composition on the isotopic composition of respiratory CO2, bone collagen, bioapatite, and soft tissues. In: Lambert JB, Grupe G (eds) Prehistoric human bone: archaeology at the molecular level. Springer, New York, pp 121–155

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ugan A (2005) Climate, bone density, and resource depression: what is driving variation in large and small game in Fremont archaeofaunas? J Anthropol Archaeol 24:227–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valentine B, Kamenov GD, Krigbaum J (2008) Reconstructing Neolithic groups in Sarawak, Malaysia through lead and strontium isotope analysis. J Archaeol Sci 35:1463–1473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wehausen JD (1984) Comment “on desert bighorn as relicts: further considerations”. Wildl Soc Bull 12:82–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinreb MM, Sharav Y (1964) Tooth development in sheep. Am J Vet Res 25(107):891–908

    Google Scholar 

  • Wigand PE, Rhode D (2002) Great Basin vegetation history and aquatic systems: the last 150,000 years. In: Hershler R, Madsen DB, Currey DR (eds) Great basin aquatic systems history, Smithsonian contributions to the earth sciences, 33rd edn. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C, p 309

    Google Scholar 

  • Zazzo A, Balasse M, Patterson WP (2006) The reconstruction of mammal individual history: refining high-resolution isotope record in bovine tooth dentine. J Archaeol Sci 33:1177–1187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zazzo A, Balasse M, Patterson WP, Patterson P (2005) High-resolution delta C-13 intratooth profiles in bovine enamel: implications for mineralization pattern and isotopic attenuation. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69:3631–3642

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We foremost want to thank John Krigbaum, director of the University of Florida Bone Chemistry Lab at the Department of Anthropology, as well as George Kamenov and Jason Curtis of the Department of Geological Sciences for facilitating sample preparation and isotope analysis. Kari Carlisle, curator at the Fremont Indian State Park, provided access to the Five Finger Ridge faunal collections and greatly assisted with the steps necessary to conduct destructive analysis. Joel Janetski and Richard Talbot of the Office of Public Archaeology at Brigham Young University provided unpublished data on the site excavations. Faunal identifications were completed with the assistance of Donald K. Grayson, Lindsay Tibke, Dana Kubilus, and Meriah Dainard. Jeff Bradley, collections manager of mammalogy at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, provided comparative skeletal collections. Donald K. Grayson and Deborah A. Ward commented on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Lastly, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. 0840847.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, California State University, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA, 95819-6106, USA

    Jacob L. Fisher

  2. Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, PO Box 117305, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7305, USA

    Benjamin Valentine

Authors
  1. Jacob L. Fisher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Benjamin Valentine
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jacob L. Fisher.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(DOCX 67 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fisher, J.L., Valentine, B. Resource depression, climate change, and mountain sheep in the eastern Great Basin of western North America. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 5, 145–157 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-013-0124-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-013-0124-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation