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Geoinformatics and geophysical survey-based estimation of best groundwater potential sites through surface and subsurface indicators

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Abstract

Groundwater is the most important natural resource around the world which needs new and advanced technologies for control and monitoring. This investigation was to check the groundwater potential zones by integrated techniques of geoinformatics and geophysical investigation through a vertical electrical sounding in Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. The study area being a sedimentary basin, sandstone is the major rock type with good porosity and permeability. Satellite data were used to generate different thematic maps such as slope percent, lineament density, land use/cover, drainage density, geology, roughness index, curvature, topographic wetness index, and rainfall. Subsequently suitable rank and weightage was assinged for final weight overlay analysis to identify the groundwater potential zones. Final potential map was generated with good, moderate, and poor zones. This analysis revealed that 92.60% of the area is categorized to be having good to moderate groundwater potential. Then, an electrical resistivity survey was done by vertical electrical sounding (VES) using Schlumberger electrode configuration, at 32 locations to check the subsurface condition. The predominant curve types were Q type, A type, H type, and K type. The apparent resistivity was calculated at 20-m, 40-m, and 60-m depths. Dar-Zarrouk parameters were calculated to identify the subsurface aquifers and protective capacity rating. Integrating the outcome of GIS and geophysical studies, the region with good groundwater potential was delineated with more accuracy.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Resources Information Development and Research Key Laboratory of Beijing and their supervisor for the opportunity and encouragement during the research work. Umair Rasool is especially thankful to Dr. Mureed Hussain Khosa, head of the Department of Marine Geology, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Baluchistan, Pakistan, for his help during the field work and interpretation of resistivity data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China

    Umair Rasool, Jianping Chen & Shafi Muhammad

  2. Resources Information Development and Research Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Umair Rasool & Jianping Chen

  3. Earth Science Department, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Jamil Siddique

  4. Department of Geology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India

    Senapathi Venkatramanan

  5. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Senapathi Venkatramanan

  6. Water Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait

    Sabarathinam Chidambaram

  7. School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China

    Muhammad Amir Siddique

  8. School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China

    Muhammad Awais Rasool

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Correspondence to Jianping Chen.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Recent advanced techniques in water resources management

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Rasool, U., Chen, J., Muhammad, S. et al. Geoinformatics and geophysical survey-based estimation of best groundwater potential sites through surface and subsurface indicators. Arab J Geosci 13, 702 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05496-3

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