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The protective effects of polyamines on salinity stress tolerance in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), an important C4 model crop

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Abstract

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that adversely affects crop growth, development and productivity worldwide. In this study, the individual and synergistic roles of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) in salinity stress tolerance of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) was assessed. In the present study, plants treated with combined biogenic amines Put + Spd possess very efficient antioxidant enzyme systems which help to control the uninhibited oxidation and protect the plants from oxidative damage by ROS scavenging. Additionally, lower concentration of Put + Spd under NaCl stress showed reduced hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage and caspase-like activity than control. FTIR analysis underlying the ability of PAs induced tolerance and the chemical bonds of Put + Spd treated plants were reminiscent of control plants. Moreover, histochemical analysis with 2′,7′–dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), 3,3′–Diaminobenzidine (DAB) and nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT) revealed that ROS accumulation was inhibited by combined PAs under salt stress condition. These results showed that Put + Spd significantly improve the endogenous PAs, which enhance high-salinity stress tolerance by detoxifying ROS. For the first time, the synergistic ROS scavenging ability of Put along with Spd was investigated upon salinity tolerance in C4 model foxtail millet crop. Overall, our findings illustrated the implication for improving salinity tolerance of agronomically important crop species.

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Abbreviations

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidae

CAT:

Catalase

CLSM:

Confocal laser scanning microscope

DAB:

3,3-diaminobenzidine

DAO:

Diamine oxidase

EL:

Electrolyte leakage

FTIR:

Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy

GPX:

Guaiacol peroxidise

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Glutathione

GSSG:

Glutathione disulfide

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

NaCl:

Sodium chloride

NADH+ :

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NBT:

Nitrotetrazolium blue chloride

PAO:

Polyamine oxidase

PAs:

Polyamines

POD:

Peroxidase

Put:

Putrescine

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RWC:

Relative water content

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

Spd:

Spermidine

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Acknowledgement

The author P. Rathinapriya (UGC order no: F.25-1/2013-14 (BSR)/7-326/2011 dt 30.05.2014) thank the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India for financial support in the form of fellowship. The authors sincerely acknowledge the computational and Bioinformatics facility provided by the Alagappa University Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility (funded by DBT, GOI; File No. BT/BI/25/012/2012, BIF). The authors also thankfully acknowledge RUSA 2.0 [F. 24-51/2014-U, Policy (TN Multi-Gen), Dept of Edn, GOI], DST-FIST (Grant No. SR/FST/LSI-639/2015(C)), UGC-SAP (Grant No. F.5-1/2018/DRS-II (SAP-II)) and DST-PURSE (Grant No. SR/PURSE Phase 2/38 (G)) for providing instrumentation facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India

    Periyasamy Rathinapriya, Subramani Pandian, Kasinathan Rakkammal, Manoharan Balasangeetha, Rajaiah Alexpandi, Ramakrishnan Rameshkumar & Manikandan Ramesh

  2. Department of Biotechnology Engineering, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel

    Lakkakula Satish

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  1. Periyasamy Rathinapriya
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  8. Manikandan Ramesh
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Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PR & MR. Performed the experiments: PR MB KR RA RR. Analyzed the data: PR LS SP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MR. Wrote the paper: PR. All the authors have read the manuscript and approved for publication.

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Correspondence to Manikandan Ramesh.

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Rathinapriya, P., Pandian, S., Rakkammal, K. et al. The protective effects of polyamines on salinity stress tolerance in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), an important C4 model crop. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 26, 1815–1829 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00869-0

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