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Age-Related Reduction in Cortical Thickness in First-Episode Treatment-Naïve Patients with Schizophrenia

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Abstract

Substantial evidence supports the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. Meanwhile, progressive neurodegenerative processes have also been reported, leading to the hypothesis that neurodegeneration is a characteristic component in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. However, a major challenge for the neurodegenerative hypothesis is that antipsychotic drugs used by patients have profound impact on brain structures. To clarify this potential confounding factor, we measured the cortical thickness across the whole brain using high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in 145 first-episode and treatment-naïve patients with schizophrenia and 147 healthy controls. The results showed that, in the patient group, the frontal, temporal, parietal, and cingulate gyri displayed a significant age-related reduction of cortical thickness. In the control group, age-related cortical thickness reduction was mostly located in the frontal, temporal, and cingulate gyri, albeit to a lesser extent. Importantly, relative to healthy controls, patients exhibited a significantly smaller age-related cortical thickness in the anterior cingulate, inferior temporal, and insular gyri in the right hemisphere. These results provide evidence supporting the existence of neurodegenerative processes in schizophrenia and suggest that these processes already occur in the early stage of the illness.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Basic Research Development Program of China (2016YFC0904300), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81630030, 81130024 and 81528008), the National Natural Science Foundation of China/Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Joint Research Scheme (81461168029), and the “135” Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China (ZY2016103 and ZY2016203).

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  1. Yin Lin and Mingli Li have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mental Health Centre and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Yin Lin, Mingli Li, Wei Deng, Xiaohong Ma, Qiang Wang, Wanjun Guo, Yinfei Li, Lijun Jiang & Tao Li

  2. West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Yin Lin, Mingli Li, Wei Deng, Xiaohong Ma, Qiang Wang, Wanjun Guo, Yinfei Li, Lijun Jiang & Tao Li

  3. Department of Psychology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China

    Yin Lin

  4. Department of Radiology, Hospital for Chengdu Office of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Branch Hospital of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Yi Zhou

  5. Huaxi Biobank, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Xun Hu

  6. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Nanyin Zhang

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  1. Yin Lin
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Lin, Y., Li, M., Zhou, Y. et al. Age-Related Reduction in Cortical Thickness in First-Episode Treatment-Naïve Patients with Schizophrenia. Neurosci. Bull. 35, 688–696 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-019-00348-x

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