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Dynamic System Behaviour of Adsorbent-Filled Air Springs

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Abstract

Due to growing demand for driving comfort in cars, Air Springs are increasingly being installed in upper mid-range segment. The stiffness of an Air Spring is significantly influenced by its enclosed air volume, larger volumes lead to softer spring systems. The decreasing installation space in modern car axles directly contradicts the demand for a higher level of comfort. Thus, development is faced with the challenge of integrating springs into ever smaller installation spaces. This results in the task of reducing the volume of Air Springs while maintaining the same required stiffness. One solution to make an air spring smaller is to insert an adsorbent. Adsorptive materials such as activated carbon, can bind additional amounts of air in their pores causing the springs to behave as if their effective volume had been increased. This way, softer properties can be achieved without changing the geometric dimensions of the spring. The insertion of adsorbents in Air Springs is relatively new which is why there have been few studies on this topic. Although this technology has been installed in commercially available vehicles, there are no relevant studies in the literature that describe the effectiveness of activated carbon in terms of Air Spring stiffness.

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Abbreviations

A :

area, m2

A W :

effectiv surface, m2

c :

heat capacity, kJ/kgK

cv:

heat capacity of air as an ideal gas, kJ/kgK

d :

diameter, m

F :

force, N

f :

frequency, Hz

f DoF :

degrees of freedom

H :

entalphie, J

h :

specific enthalpie, J/kg

k :

spring stiffness, N/m

kA :

heat transfer coefficent, W/K

K0:

air spring length mounted, m

m :

mass, kg

n :

polytropic exponent of air

n mol :

amount of substance, mol

p :

pressure, Pa

p 0 :

internal pressure of the air spring at K0 length, Pa

p u :

ambient pressure, Pa

Q :

heat, J

q :

adsorbed air mass per kg of adsorbent, kg/kg

R :

universal gas constant, 8.314 J/molK

R S,air :

specific gas constant of air, J/kgK

s :

displacement, m

T :

temperature, K

t :

time, s

U :

internal energie, J

V :

volume, m3

V ads :

volume of adsorbed air, m3

V 0 :

volume of the air spring at K0 length, m3

W V :

volume change work, W

α :

heat transfer coefficien, W/m2K

ω e :

cutoff frequency, Hz

ads:

adsorption

air,free:

free airvolume

ges:

total

rot:

rotational

sorb:

adsorbens

trans:

translational

vib:

vibratory

AV:

additional volume

MC:

measurement chamber

SA:

sample

WI:

wall inside

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to express their thanks to Vibracoustic SE & Co. KG, especially Mr Koos, Mr Zeeck and the Air Spring Division for their cooperation as well as for their support of the research project in terms of content and funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Helumut Schmidt Universität, Institut für Maschinenelemente und Rechnergestütze Produktentwicklung, Holstenhofweg 85, Hamburg, 22043, Germany

    Frank Mantwill & Stephan Breitenbach

  2. Vibracoustic SE & Co. KG, Hörstener Straße 45-47, Hamburg, 21079, Germany

    Arthur Sagert

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  1. Frank Mantwill
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  2. Stephan Breitenbach
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  3. Arthur Sagert
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Correspondence to Frank Mantwill.

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Mantwill, F., Breitenbach, S. & Sagert, A. Dynamic System Behaviour of Adsorbent-Filled Air Springs. Int.J Automot. Technol. 24, 483–492 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-023-0040-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-023-0040-7

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