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Two Models Solutions for the Douro Estuary: Flood Risk Assessment and Breakwater Effects

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Abstract

Estuarine floods are one of the most harmful and complex extreme events occurring in coastal environments. To predict the associated effects, characterize areas of risk, and promote population safety, numerical modeling is essential. This work performs a comparison and a combination of two 2-dimensional depth-averaged estuarine models (based on openTELEMAC-MASCARET and Delft3D hydrodynamic software packages), to develop a two-model ensemble approach that will improve forecast robustness when compared to a one-model approach. The ensemble was applied to one of the main Portuguese estuaries, the Douro river estuary, to predict the expected water levels associated with extreme river discharges in the present-day configuration with the new breakwaters. This is a region that is periodically under heavy flooding, which entails economic losses and damage to protected landscape areas and hydraulic structures. Both models accurately simulated water levels and currents for tidal- and flood-dominated validation simulations, with correlation values close to 1, RMSE below 15%, and small Bias and Skill coefficient close to 1. The two-model ensemble results revealed that the present-day estuarine mouth configuration will produce harsher effects for the riverine populations in case identical historical river floods take place. This is mainly due to the increase in the area and volume of the estuary’s sand spit related to the construction of the new breakwaters.

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Notes

  1. Private communication.

  2. Hourly flow rates for 1999, kindly provided by Electricidade de Portugal, S.A.

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Funding

This research was supported by the Research Line ECOSERVICES, integrated in the Structured Program of R&D&I INNOVMAR: Innovation and Sustainability in the Management and Exploitation of Marine Resources (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035), funded by the Northern Regional Operational Programme (NORTE2020) through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) through a scholarship granted to the 2nd author (Process 200016 / 2014-8).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal

    I. Iglesias & P. Avilez-Valente

  2. Centro do Território, Ambiente e Construção (CTAC), Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal

    S. Venâncio, J. L. Pinho & J. M. P. Vieira

  3. Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Av. Dr. Randolfo Borges Júnior 1250, Univerdecidade, Uberaba, MG, 38064-200, Brazil

    S. Venâncio

  4. Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal

    P. Avilez-Valente

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  1. I. Iglesias
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Correspondence to I. Iglesias.

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Communicated by Arnoldo Valle-Levinson

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Iglesias, I., Venâncio, S., Pinho, J.L. et al. Two Models Solutions for the Douro Estuary: Flood Risk Assessment and Breakwater Effects. Estuaries and Coasts 42, 348–364 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-018-0477-5

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