Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Statistical based experimental optimization for co-production of endo-glucanase and xylanase from Bacillus sonorensis BD92 with their application in biomass saccharification

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Folia Microbiologica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Endo-glucanase (cellulase) and xylanase have high industrial demand due to their vast application in industrial processes. This study reports statistical based experimental optimization for co-production of endo-glucanase and xylanase from Bacillus sonorensis BD92. Response surface methodology (RSM) involving central composite design (CCD) with full factorial experiments (23) was applied to elucidate the components that significantly affect co-production of endo-glucanase and xylanase. The optimum co-production conditions for endo-glucanase and xylanase were as follows: carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 20 g/L, yeast extract 15 g/L, and time 72 h. The maximum endo-glucanase and xylanase production obtained was 1.46 and 5.69 U/mL, respectively, while the minimum endo-glucanase and xylanase production obtained was 0.66 and 0.25 U/mL, respectively. This statistical model was efficient because only 20 experimental runs were necessary to assess the highest production conditions, and the model accuracy was very satisfactory as coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.95 and 0.89 for endo-glucanase and xylanase, respectively. Further, potential application of these enzymes for saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass (wheat bran, wheat straw, rice straw, and cotton stalk) was also investigated. The results revealed that the biomass was susceptible to enzymatic saccharification and the amount of reducing sugars (glucose and xylose) increased with increase in incubation time. In conclusion, Bacillus sonorensis BD92 reveals a promise as a source of potential endo-glucanase and xylanase producer that could be useful for degrading plant biomass into value-added products of economic importance using precise statistically optimized conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdel-Fattah YR, El-Helow ER, Ghanem KM, Lotfy WA (2007) Application of factorial designs for optimization of avicelase production by a thermophilic Geobacillus isolate. Res J Microbiol 2:13–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahamed A, Vermette P (2008) Culture-based strategies to enhance cellulase enzyme production from Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 in bioreactor culture conditions. Biochem Eng J 40:399–407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed AAQ, Babalola OO, McKay T (2018) Cellulase-and xylanase-producing bacterial isolates with the ability to Saccharify wheat straw and their potential use in the production of pharmaceuticals and chemicals from lignocellulosic materials. Waste Biomass Valor 9:765–775

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar MS, Saleem M, Akhtar MW (2001) Saccharification of lignocellulosic materials by the cellulases of Bacillus subtilis. Int J Agric Biol 3:199–202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ali SM, Omar SH, Soliman NA (2013) Co-production of cellulase and xylanase enzymes by thermophilic Bacillus subtilis 276NS. Int J Biotech Well Indus 2:65–74

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Annamalai N, Thavasi R, Jayalakshmi S, Balasubramanian T (2009) Thermostable and alkaline tolerant xylanase production by Bacillus subtilis isolated form marine environment. Indian J Biotechnol 8:291–297

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bagewadi ZK, Mulla SI, Ninnekar HZ (2018) Optimization of endoglucanase production from Trichoderma harzianum strain HZN11 by central composite design under response surface methodology. Biomass Convers Biorefin 8(2):305–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey MJ, Biely P, Poutanen K (1992) Interlaboratory testing of methods for assay of xylanase activity. J Biotechnol 23:257–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Box GE, Wilson KB (1951) On the experimental attainment of optimum conditions. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 13:1–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Coman G, Bahrim G (2011) Optimization of xylanase production by Streptomyces sp. P12-137 using response surface methodology and central composite design. Ann Microbiol 61:773–779

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Deka D, Bhargavi P, Sharma A, Goyal D, Jawed M, Goyal A (2011) Enhancement of cellulase activity from a new strain of Bacillus subtilis by medium optimization and analysis with various cellulosic substrates. Enzyme Res 2011. https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/151656

  • Dhillon A, Khanna S (2000) Production of a thermostable alkali-tolerant xylanase from Bacillus circulans AB 16 grown on wheat straw. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 16:325–327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Shishtawy RM, Mohamed SA, Asiri AM, Abu-bakr MG, Ibrahim IH, Al-Talhi HA (2014) Solid fermentation of wheat bran for hydrolytic enzymes production and saccharification content by a local isolate Bacillus megatherium. BMC Biotechnol 14:29

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ferraz JLAA, Souza LO, Soares GA, Coutinho JP, de Oliveira JR, Aguiar-Oliveira E, Franco M (2018) Enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic residues using cellulolytic enzyme extract produced by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 cultivated on residue of yellow mombin fruit. Bioresour Technol 248:214–220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galbe M, Sassner P, Wingren A, Zacchi G (2007) Process engineering economics of bioethanol production. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 108:303–327

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gautam S, Bundela P, Pandey A, Khan J, Awasthi M, Sarsaiya S (2011) Optimization for the production of cellulase enzyme from municipal solid waste residue by two novel cellulolytic fungi. Biotechnol Res Int. https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/810425

  • Ghose T (1987) Measurement of cellulase activities. Pure Appl Chem 59:257–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goncalves GA et al (2015) Synergistic effect and application of xylanases as accessory enzymes to enhance the hydrolysis of pretreated bagasse. Enzym Microb Technol 72:16–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta M, Sharma M, Singh S, Gupta P, Bajaj BK (2015) Enhanced production of cellulase from Bacillus licheniformis K-3 with potential for saccharification of rice straw. Energy Technol 3:216–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Husson E, Auxenfans T, Herbaut M, Baralle M, Lambertyn V, Rakotoarivonina H, Rémond C, Sarazin C (2018) Sequential and simultaneous strategies for biorefining of wheat straw using room temperature ionic liquids, xylanases and cellulases. Bioresour Technol 251:280–287

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Immanuel G, Dhanusha R, Prema P, Palavesam A (2006) Effect of different growth parameters on endoglucanase enzyme activity by bacteria isolated from coir retting effluents of estuarine environment. Int J Environ Sci Technol 3:25–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irfan M, Asghar U, Nadeem M, Nelofer R, Syed Q, Shakir HA, Qazi JI (2016) Statistical optimization of saccharification of alkali pretreated wheat straw for bioethanol production. Waste Biomass Valor 7:1389–1396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keskin Gündoğdu T, Deniz İ, Çalışkan G, Şahin ES, Azbar N (2016) Experimental design methods for bioengineering applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 36:368–388

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim B-K, Lee B-H, Lee Y-J, Jin I-H, Chung C-H, Lee J-W (2009) Purification and characterization of carboxymethylcellulase isolated from a marine bacterium, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis A-53. Enzym Microb Technol 44:411–416

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar L, Kumar D, Nagar S, Gupta R, Garg N, Kuhad RC, Gupta VK (2014) Modulation of xylanase production from alkaliphilic Bacillus pumilus VLK-1 through process optimization and temperature shift operation. 3. Biotech 4:345–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Li W, Zhang W-W, Yang M-M, Chen Y-L (2008) Cloning of the thermostable cellulase gene from newly isolated Bacillus subtilis and its expression in Escherichia coli. Mol Biotechnol 40:195–201

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller GL (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal Chem 31:426–428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mullai P, Fathima NSA, Rene ER (2010) Statistical analysis of main and interaction effects to optimize xylanase production under submerged cultivation conditions. J Agric Sci 2:144

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagar S, Gupta VK, Kumar D, Kumar L, Kuhad RC (2010) Production and optimization of cellulase-free, alkali-stable xylanase by Bacillus pumilus SV-85S in submerged fermentation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 37:71–83

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Premalatha N, Gopal NO, Jose PA, Anandham R, Kwon S-W (2015) Optimization of cellulase production by Enhydrobacter sp. ACCA2 and its application in biomass saccharification. Front Microbiol 6:1046

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Raza A, Bashir S, Tabassum R (2018) Evaluation of cellulases and xylanases production from Bacillus spp. isolated from buffalo digestive system. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2018.20280

  • Rifaat H, Nagieb Z, Ahmed Y (2006) Production of xylanases by Streptomyces species and their bleaching effect on rice straw pulp. Appl Ecol Environ Res 4:151–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saba Khalid MI, Shakir HA, Qazi JI (2017) Endoglucanase producing potential of Bacillus species isolated from the gut of Labeo rohita. J Mar Sci Technol 25:581–587

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez-Torres J, Perez P, Santamaria R (1996) A cellulase gene from a new alkalophilic Bacillus sp. (strain N186-1). Its cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 46:149–155

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanghi A, Garg N, Kuhar K, Kuhad RC, Gupta VK (2009) Enhanced production of cellulase-free xylanase by alkalophilic Bacillus subtilis ASH and its application in biobleaching of Kraft pulp. BioResources 4:1109–1129

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M, Kumar Bajaj B (2017) Optimization of bioprocess variables for production of a thermostable and wide range pH stable carboxymethyl cellulase from Bacillus subtilis MS 54 under solid state fermentation. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 36:1123–1130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Moholkar VS, Goyal A (2014) Optimization of carboxymethylcellulase production from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SS35. 3. Biotech 4:411–424

    Google Scholar 

  • Srikanth R, Siddartha G, Reddy CHS, Harish B, Ramaiah MJ, Uppuluri KB (2015) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory Levan produced from Acetobacter xylinum NCIM2526 and its statistical optimization. Carbohydr Polym 123:8–16

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Subramaniyan S, Prema P (2000) Cellulase-free xylanases from Bacillus and other microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 183:1–7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Subramaniyan S, Sandhia G, Prema P (2001) Control of xylanase production without protease activity in Bacillus sp. by selection of nitrogen source. Biotechnol Lett 23:369–371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugumaran K, Kumar BK, Mahalakshmi M, Ponnusami V (2013) Cassava bagasse-low cost substrate for thermo-tolerant xylanase production using Bacillus subtilis. Int J Chem Tech Res 5:394–400

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sukumaran RK, Singhania RR, Pandey A (2005) Microbial cellulases-production, applications and challenges. J Sci Ind Res 64:823–844

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasudeo Z, Lew C (2011) Optimization of culture conditions for production of Cellulase by a thermophilic Bacillus strain. J Chem Chem Eng 5:521–527

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitcomb PJ, Anderson MJ (2004) RSM simplified: optimizing processes using response surface methods for design of experiments. CRC press

  • Zhang L, Wang X, Ruan Z, Liu Y, Niu X, Yue Z, Li Z, Liao W, Liu Y (2014) Fungal cellulase/xylanase production and corresponding hydrolysis using pretreated corn Stover as substrates. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172:1045–1054

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The financial assistance provided for this project by the Indigenous Scholarship Program, Higher Education Commission, Pakistan.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Saira Bashir.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Raza, A., Bashir, S. & Tabassum, R. Statistical based experimental optimization for co-production of endo-glucanase and xylanase from Bacillus sonorensis BD92 with their application in biomass saccharification. Folia Microbiol 64, 295–305 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-018-0654-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-018-0654-8

Navigation