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Cardanol with a Covalently Attached Organophosphate Moiety as a Halogen-Free, Intrinsically Flame-Retardant PVC Bio-Plasticizer

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Abstract

Plasticizers that enable flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are usually combustible, restricting the application of PVC in fire-prone scenarios. In this context, intrinsically flame-retardant plasticizers displaying dual function continue to be the focus of intensive research. Despite their efficiency, the majority of these dual-functional plasticizers previously reported contain halogen elements, which, once ignited, emanate toxic and potentially carcinogenic substances, along with toxic gases and smoke, polluting the environment, damaging the biota, and threatening human health. Here, we report a strategy to obtain a halogen-free, intrinsically flame-retardant PVC bio-plasticizer that harnesses the phenolic hydroxyl of naturally occurring cardanol and covalent attachment of an organophosphate moiety. When combined with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP), the organophosphate-containing cardanol is qualified as a co-plasticizer, while endowing the PVC materials with flame retardancy. Unlike inorganic flame-retardants, the engineered cardanol is compatible with PVC such that the mechanical properties of the PVC materials are not compromised. The rationale underlying the present effort may provide guidance for developing sustainable alternatives to halogen-containing plasticizers to address the sustainability challenge now confronting PVC industry.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge financial support of this work by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFB0308600), National Natural Science Foundation of China (21878196), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (20826041C4159), and Sichuan University-Sichuan Jinlu contract (19H0266).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China

    Delong Hou, Songhang Wang, Qi Zeng, Zhonghui Wang, Jun Yan & Yi Chen

  2. Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, China

    Jinming Chang

  3. School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644007, China

    Zhou Xu

  4. Sichuan Jinlu Hi-Tech Material Co., Ltd., Shifang, 618401, China

    Yongcheng Yang

Authors
  1. Delong Hou
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  2. Songhang Wang
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  3. Jinming Chang
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  4. Zhou Xu
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  5. Qi Zeng
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  6. Zhonghui Wang
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  7. Yongcheng Yang
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  8. Jun Yan
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  9. Yi Chen
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Correspondence to Jun Yan.

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Hou, D., Wang, S., Chang, J. et al. Cardanol with a Covalently Attached Organophosphate Moiety as a Halogen-Free, Intrinsically Flame-Retardant PVC Bio-Plasticizer. Fibers Polym 21, 1649–1656 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-9918-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-9918-4

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