Abstract
Bottled butter is a handmade product typical of Brazil with similar features to the Indian ghee and the butter oil. The ingredient presents in its chemical composition mostly even and uneven unbranched carbonic chain fatty acids (FAs). The importance of lipids on human nutrition and quality control of fat-containing foods is well-established, therefore, we present an alternative method for the analysis of FAs by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection (CZE-UV) using a simple saponification procedure as sample preparation. Exploratory results obtained by CZE-UV were primarily compared to gas chromatography coupled with a flame-ionization detector (GC-FID), and no significant difference within a 95% confidence interval was found. Overall, by the amount of linoleic acid and trans-FAs found in bottled butter samples by the validated CZE-UV protocol, we have evidence of tampering in some of the analyzed products, possibly by the addition of vegetable oils previously used in the frying process.
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Funding
This study was financed in part by CAPES—Finance Code 001; CNPq (303355/2017–4, 424032/2018–0; Scholarship—142502/2020–0); Finep (CT-INFRA 01/2013-REF 0633/13); RQ-MG (CEX.RED- 00010–14), and INCTBio (FAPESP 2014/50867–3, CNPq 465389/2014–7).
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Patrícia Lopes de Oliveira: data acquisition, treatment and interpretation, and writing original draft. Brenda Lee Simas Porto: data acquisition, treatment and interpretation, and writing original draft. Olívia Brito de Oliveira Moreira: writing final draft. Lívia Torquato Ventura Canuto: writing final draft. Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira: writing, funding and resources acquisition, and supervision.
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Highlights
• Fatty acids as parameters of quality control and fat-containing foods safety.
• Application of CZE-UV method for cis-trans fatty acids analysis.
• Comparative perspective of CZE-UV and GC-FID use for fatty acids analysis.
• Determination of total fatty acid content of bottled butter samples.
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de Oliveira, P.L., Porto, B.L.S., de Oliveira Moreira, O.B. et al. Trans-Fatty Acid Analysis Applied to Authenticity Monitoring of Bottled Butter by CZE-UV. Food Anal. Methods 16, 367–376 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02416-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02416-x