Abstract
Sunset yellow (SUN) is one of the popular synthetical food colorants which are a member of the class azo dyes and in food industries greatly used. An excess consumption of SUN can cause to behavioral symptoms including of hyperactivity, inattentiveness, cancer, and some further health effects. Hence, it is important to detect this food colorant effectively to reduce risk. Herein, an innovative liquid crystal (LC)-based sensor was designed for the label-free and ultra-sensitive detecting of the SUN by means of a cationic surfactant-decorated LC interface. The nematic liquid crystal in contact with CTAB revealed a homeotropic alignment, when SUN was injected into the LC-cell, the homeotropic alignment consequently altered to a planar one by electrostatic interactivities between SUN and CTAB. The designed LC-based sensor detected SUN at too much trace level as low as 0.5 aM with analogous selectiveness. The suggested LC-based sensor is a rapid, convenient, and simple procedure for label-free detection of SUN in food industrial and safety control application.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
References
Arvand M, Erfanifar Z, Ardaki MS (2017) A new core@ shell silica-coated magnetic molecular imprinted nanoparticles for selective detection of sunset yellow in food samples. Food Anal Methods 10:2593–2606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-0803-8
EFSA Panel on food additives and nutrient sources added to food (ANS) (2014) reconsideration of the temporary ADI and refined exposure assessment for Sunset Yellow FCF (E 110). EFSA J 12:3765. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3765
El-Shahawi M, Hamza A, Al-Sibaai A, Bashammakh A, Al-Saidi H (2013) A new method for analysis of sunset yellow in food samples based on cloud point extraction prior to spectrophotometric determination. J Ind Eng Chem 19:529–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2012.09.008
Hashem EY, Saleh MS, Al-Salahi NO, Youssef AK (2017) Advanced spectrophotometric analysis of sunset yellow dye E110 in commercial food samples. Food Anal Methods 10:865–875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-016-0630-3
Khan M, Park SY (2014) Liquid crystal-based proton sensitive glucose biosensor. Anal Chem 86:1493–1501. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac402916v
Li Z, Wang Z, Wang N, Han X, Yu W, Wang R, Chang J (2018) Identification of the binding between three fluoronucleoside analogues and fat mass and obesity-associated protein by isothermal titration calorimetry and spectroscopic techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 149:290–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.007
Llamas NE, Garrido M, Di Nezio MS, Band BSF (2009) Second order advantage in the determination of amaranth, sunset yellow FCF and tartrazine by UV–vis and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares. Anal Chim Acta 655:38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.10.001
Majidi MR, Baj RFB, Naseri A (2013) Carbon nanotube–ionic liquid (CNT–IL) nanocamposite modified sol-gel derived carbon-ceramic electrode for simultaneous determination of sunset yellow and tartrazine in food samples. Food Anal Methods 6:1388–1397. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0251-2
Majidi MR, Pournaghi-Azar MH, Baj RFB, Naseri A (2015) Formation of graphene nanoplatelet-like structures on carbon–ceramic electrode surface: application for simultaneous determination of sunset yellow and tartrazine in some food samples. Ionics 21:863–875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1223-z
Medeiros RA, Lourencao BC, Rocha-Filho RC, Fatibello-Filho O (2012) Flow injection simultaneous determination of synthetic colorants in food using multiple pulse amperometric detection with a boron-doped diamond electrode. Talanta 99:883–889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.051
Mohseni-Shahri FS, Moeinpour F, Nosrati M (2018) Spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation study on the interaction of sunset yellow food additive with pepsin. Int J Biol Macromol 115:273–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.080
Munir S, Park SY (2016) Liquid crystal-Based DNA biosensor for myricetin detection. Sens Actuators B Chem 233:559–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.04.107
Nazar MF, Murtaza S (2014) Physicochemical investigation and spectral properties of Sunset Y ellow dye in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide micellar solution under different pH conditions. Color Technol 130:191–199. https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12085
Nguyen DK, Jang CH (2020) Label-free liquid crystal-based detection of As (III) ions using ssDNA as a recognition probe. Microchem J 156:104834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.104834
Ni Y, Wang Y, Kokot S (2009) Simultaneous kinetic spectrophotometric analysis of five synthetic food colorants with the aid of chemometrics. Talanta 78:432–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2008.11.035
Omer M, Khan M, Kim YK, Lee JH, Kang IK, Park SY (2014) Biosensor utilizing a liquid crystal/water interface functionalized with poly (4-cyanobiphenyl-4′-oxyundecylacrylate-b-((2-dimethyl amino) ethyl methacrylate. Colloids Surf B 121:400–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.028
Park SJ, Jang CH (2010) Using liquid crystals to detect DNA hybridization on polymeric surfaces with continuous wavy features. Nanotechnology 21:425502. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/21/42/425502
Rouhani S (2009) Novel electrochemical sensor for sunset yellow based on a platinum wire–coated electrode. Anal Lett 42:141–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032710802568630
Sha O, Zhu X, Feng Y, Ma W (2015) Aqueous two-phase based on ionic liquid liquid–liquid microextraction for simultaneous determination of five synthetic food colourants in different food samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Chem 174:380–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.068
Soponar F, Moţ AC, Sârbu C (2008) Quantitative determination of some food dyes using digital processing of images obtained by thin-layer chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1188:295–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.077
Verma I, Devi M, Sharma D, Nandi R, Pal SK (2019) Liquid crystal based detection of Pb (II) ions using spinach RNA as recognition probe. Langmuir 35:7816–7823. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04018
Wang J, Chen G, Zhu T, Gao S, Wei B, Bi L (2009) Identification of tartrazine and sunset yellow by fluorescence spectroscopy combined with radial basis function neural network. Chin Opt Lett 7:1058–1060. https://doi.org/10.3788/COL20090711.1058
Wu H, Guo JB, Du LM, Tian H, Hao CX, Wang ZF, Wang JY (2013) A rapid shaking-based ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction for the simultaneous determination of six synthetic food colourants in soft drinks, sugar-and gelatin-based confectionery by high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Chem 141:182–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.015
Yasuhara K, Sasaki Y, Kikuchi JI (2008) Fluorescent sensor responsive to local viscosity and its application to the imaging of liquid-ordered domain in lipid membranes. Colloids Surf B 67:145–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.08.004
Zhang W, Liu T, Zheng X, Huang W, Wan C (2009) Surface-enhanced oxidation and detection of Sunset Yellow and Tartrazine using multi-walled carbon nanotubes film-modified electrode. Colloids Surf B 74:28–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.06.016
Zhao L, Zhao F, Zeng B (2014) Preparation and application of sunset yellow imprinted ionic liquid polymer−ionic liquid functionalized graphene composite film coated glassy carbon electrodes. Electrochim Acta 115:247–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.181
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Islamic Azad University Bandar Abbas Branch for this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Tayyebeh Askari: investigation, Fatemeh S. Mohseni-Shahri: methodology, supervision, investigation, and writing—original draft, Asma Verdian: conceptualization, project administration, writing—review and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by the authors.
Informed Consent
Not applicable.
Conflict of Interest
Askari T declares that she has no conflict of interest. Mohseni-Shahri F S declares that she has no conflict of interest. Verdian A declares that she has no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Askari, T., Mohseni-Shahri, F.S. & Verdian, A. Design of a Liquid Crystal-Based Sensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Sunset Yellow. Food Anal. Methods 15, 1761–1767 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02246-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02246-x