Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sensitive and Selective Determination of Riboflavin in Milk and Soymilk Powder by Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Ionic Liquid [BMPi]PF6 Modified Electrode

  • Published:
Food Analytical Methods Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A novel electrochemical method to detect riboflavin was proposed using a multi-walled carbon nanotubes and ionic liquid N-butyl-N-methyl-piperidinium hexafluorophosphate composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (MWNTs-[BMPi]PF6/GCE). A well-defined CV behavior with a pair of sensitive and well-shaped redox peak was observed, and the response value of riboflavin at MWNTs-[BMPi]PF6/GCE is much higher than that at MWNTs/GCE in 0.1 mol L−1 HAc-NaAc buffer solution (pH 4.5). The electrochemical approach based on a sensitive DPV analytical signal exhibits an excellent analytical performance with a wide linear range (2.6 × 10−8 to 1.3 × 10−6 mol L−1) and low detection limit (4.7 × 10−9 mol L−1) for the riboflavin. Moreover, the proposed method possesses a potential practical application value and can be employed for the quantitative analysis of trace riboflavin with a recovery of 95.8–102.4 % in food samples such as milk and soymilk powder.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bertollo CM, Oliveira ACP, Rocha LTS, Costa KA, Nascimento Jr EB, Coelho MM (2006) Characterization of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of riboflavin in different experimental models. Eur J Pharmacol 547:184–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bijad M, Karimi-Maleh H, Khalilzadeh MA (2013) Application of ZnO/CNTs nanocomposite ionic liquid paste electrode as a sensitive voltammetric sensor for determination of ascorbic acid in food samples. Food Anal Methods 6:1639–1647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Ren T, Ma M, Wang Z, Zhan G, Li C (2013) Voltammetric sensing of bisphenol A based on a single-walled carbon nanotubes/poly {3-butyl-1-[3-(N-pyrrolyl) propyl] imidazolium ionic liquid} composite film modified electrode. Electrochim Acta 111:49–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukushima T, Kosaka A, Ishimura Y, Yamamoto T, Takigawa T, Ishii N, Aida T (2003) Molecular ordering of organic molten salts triggered by single-walled carbon nanotubes. Science 300:2072–2074

  • Jin P, Xia L, Li Z, Che N, Zou D, Hu X (2012) Rapid determination of thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folic acid and ascorbic acid in Vitamins with Minerals Tablets by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. J Pharmaceut Biomed 70:151–157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kachoosangi RT, Musameh MM, Abu-Yousef I, Yousef JM, Kanan SM, Xiao L, Davies SG, Russell A, Compton RG (2008) Carbon nanotube-ionic liquid composite sensors and biosensors. Anal Chem 81:435–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lavanya N, Radhakrishnan S, Sekar C, Navaneethan M, Hayakawa Y (2013) Fabrication of Cr doped SnO2 nanoparticles based biosensor for the selective determination of riboflavin in pharmaceuticals. Analyst 138:2061–2067

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laviron E (1979) General expression of the linear potential sweep voltammogram in the case of diffusionless electrochemical systems. J Electroanal Chem 101:19–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu B, Xiao B, Cui L (2015) Electrochemical analysis of carbaryl in fruit samples on graphene oxide-ionic liquid composite modified electrode. J Food Compos Anal 40:14–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Liu L, Dong S (2007) Electrochemical characteristics of glucose oxidase adsorbed at carbon nanotubes modified electrode with ionic liquid as binder. Electroanal 19:55–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Majidi MR, Baj RFB, Naseri A (2013) Carbon nanotube-ionic liquid (CNT-IL) nanocamposite modified sol-gel derived carbon-ceramic electrode for simultaneous determination of sunset yellow and tartrazine in food samples. Food Anal Methods 6:1388–1397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mal P, Ghosh D, Bandyopadhyay D, Dutta K, Bishayi B (2012) Ampicillin alone and in combination with riboflavin modulates Staphylococcus aureus infection induced septic arthritis in mice. Indian J Exp Biol 50:677–689

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maseka A, Chrzescijanska E, Zaborski M, Maciejewska M (2012) Characterisation of the antioxidant activity of riboflavin in an elastomeric composite. CR Chim 15:524–529

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A, Pouladsaz P (2014) Voltammetric determination of riboflavin based on electrocatalytic oxidation at zeolite-modified carbon paste electrodes. J Ind Eng Chem 20:2146–2152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qi H, Cao Z, Hou L (2011) Electrogenerated chemiluminesence method for the determination of riboflavin at an ionic liquid modified gold electrode. Spectrochim Acta A 78:211–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riman D, Avgeropoulos A, Hrbac J, Prodromidis MI (2015) Sparked-bismuth oxide screen-printed electrodes for the determination of riboflavin in the sub-nanomolar range in non-deoxygenated solutions. Electrochim Acta 165:410–415

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez RSJ, Fernández-Ruiz V, Cámara M, Sánchez-Mata MC (2012) Simultaneous determination of vitamin B1 and B2 in complex cereal foods, by reverse phase isocratic HPLC-UV. J Cereal Sci 55:293–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sá ÉS, da Silva PS, Jost CL, Spinelli A (2015) Electrochemical sensor based on bismuth-film electrode for voltammetric studies on vitamin B2 (riboflavin). Sensors Actuators B Chem 209:423–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Safavi A, Maleki N, Ershadifar H, Tajabadi F (2010) Development of a sensitive and selective riboflavin sensor based on carbon ionic liquid electrode. Anal Chim Acta 674:176–181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salimi A, Kavosi B, Fathi F, Hallaj R (2013) Highly sensitive immunosensing of prostate-specific antigen based on ionic liquid–carbon nanotubes modified electrode: application as cancer biomarker for prostate biopsies. Biosens Bioelectron 42:439–446

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sikorska E, Gliszczyńska-Świgło A, Insińska-Rak M, Khmelinskii I, Keukeleire DD, Sikorski M (2008) Simultaneous analysis of riboflavin and aromatic amino acids in beer using fluorescence and multivariate calibration methods. Anal Chim Acta 613:207–217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Y, Fei J, Hou J, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Hu B (2009) Simultaneous determination of dopamine and serotonin using a carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid gel modified glassy carbon electrode. Microchim Acta 165:373–379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas T, Mascarenhas RJ, D’Souza OJ, Martis P, Dalhalle J, Swamy BEK (2013) Multi-walled carbon nanotube modified carbon paste electrode as a sensor for the amperometric detection of L-tryptophan in biological samples. J Colloid Interface Sci 402:223–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voicescu M, Ionita G, Beteringhe A, Vasilescu M, Meghea A (2008) The antioxidative activity of riboflavin in the presence of antipyrin. Spectroscopic studies. J Fluoresc 18:953–959

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Zhu PH, Tian T, Tang J, Wang L, Hu XY (2011) Synchronous fluorescence as a rapid method for the simultaneous determination of folic acid and riboflavin in nutritional beverages. J Agric Food Chem 59:12629–12634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu T, Zhang L, Yang J, Li N, Yang L, Jiang X (2013) Development of electrochemical method for the determination of olaquindox using multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode. Talanta 109:185–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang J, Dong Y, Wang L, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Zhang L (2015) Highly sensitive detection of faropenem using amino functionalized carbon nanotube modified electrode with ionic liquid as binder: insight into the interaction of faropenem with human serum albumin. Sensors Actuators B Chem 211:59–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan Q, Zhao F, Li G, Zeng B (2006) Voltammetric determination of uric acid with a glassy carbon electrode coated by paste of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and ionic liquid. Electroanal 18:1075–1080

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Gao Y, Xiong H, Li X, Zhang S, Shi B, Duan L (2016) Highly sensitive determination of caffeic acid using a multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified electrode with N-butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid and chitosan as binders. Int J Electrochem Sci 11:2971–2981

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Zhao J, Liu H, Wang H, Liu R, Liu J (2010) Application of poly (3-methylthiophene) modified glassy carbon electrode as riboflavin sensor. Int J Electrochem Sci 5:295–301

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Shen Y, Li J, Niu L, Dong S, Ivaska A (2005) Electrochemical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes in large quantities at a room-temperature ionic liquid supported three-dimensional network electrode. Langmuir 21:4797–4800

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Gao Y, Zhan D, Liu H, Zhao Q, Kou Y, Shao Y, Li M, Zhuang Q, Zhu Z (2005) Selective detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid by a carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid gel modified electrode. Talanta 66:51–57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Liu H, Kou Y, Li M, Zhu Z, Zhuang Q (2007) Structural and characteristic analysis of carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid gel biosensor. Electrochem Commun 9:2457–2462

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Q, Yang P, Xu H, Liu J, Jin L (2012) A simple and sensitive method for the determination of 4-n-octylphenol based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode. J Environ Sci China 24:1717–1722

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zougagh M, Ríos Á (2008) Supercritical fluid extraction as an on-line clean-up technique for determination of riboflavin vitamins in food samples by capillary electrophoresis with fluorimetric detection. Electrophoresis 29:3213–3219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China (21367025) and Program for State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the China (2014YNZ012).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources in Ethnic Regions, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China

    Hongjiao Zhang, Yuntao Gao & Huabin Xiong

  2. Joint Research Centre for International Cross-border Ethnic Regions Biomass Clean Utilization in Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China

    Hongjiao Zhang, Yuntao Gao & Huabin Xiong

Authors
  1. Hongjiao Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yuntao Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Huabin Xiong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuntao Gao.

Ethics declarations

Funding

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Fundation of China (21367025) and Program for State Ethnic Affairs Commission of the China (2014YNZ012).

Conflict of Interest

Hongjiao Zhang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Yuntao Gao declares that he has no conflict of interest. Huabin Xiong declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, H., Gao, Y. & Xiong, H. Sensitive and Selective Determination of Riboflavin in Milk and Soymilk Powder by Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Ionic Liquid [BMPi]PF6 Modified Electrode. Food Anal. Methods 10, 399–406 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-016-0598-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-016-0598-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation