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The crosstalk between intestinal bacterial microbiota and immune cells in colorectal cancer progression

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Abstract

Different types of cells that are involved in tumor immunity play a significant part in antitumor therapy. The intestinal microbiota consist of the trillions of diverse microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, much emphasis has been paid to the link between these symbionts and colorectal cancer (CRC). This association might be anything from oncogenesis and cancer development to resistance or susceptibility to chemotherapeutic medicines. Cancer patients have a significantly different microbial composition in their guts compared to healthy persons. The microbiome may play a role in the development and development of cancer through the modulation of tumor immunosurveillance, as shown by these studies; however, the specific processes underlying this role are still poorly understood. This review focuses on the relationship between the intestinal bacterial microbiota and immune cells to determine how the commensal microbiome influences the initiation and development of CRC.

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Abbreviations

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

CAC:

Colitis-associated colorectal cancer

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

GF mice:

Germ-free mice

Foxp3:

Forkhead box P3

TME:

Tumor microenvironment

TNM:

Tumor, lymph node, metastasis

HPV:

Human papillomavirus

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

JAK/STAT3:

Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

SCFAs:

Short-chain fatty acids

APCs:

Antigen-presenting cells

FMT:

Fecal microbiota transplantation

IgA:

Immunoglobulin A

RANKL:

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand

CNS:

Central nervous system

NK cell:

Natural killer cell

ICAM:

Intercellular adhesion molecule

LFA-1:

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1

VCAM:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule

DC:

Dendritic cells

LAB:

Lactic acid bacteria

TIGIT:

T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain

MDSC:

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells

SFB:

Segmented filamentous bacteria

RORγ:

Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ

TAM:

Tumor associated macrophage

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

IDO:

Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

PGE2:

Prostaglandin E2

NOS2:

Nitric oxide synthase 2

Arg1:

Arginase -1

FU:

Fluorouracil

ICB:

Immune checkpoint blockers

ODN:

Oligodeoxynucleotide

FadA:

Fusobacterium adhesin A

Fap2:

Fibroblast activation protein 2

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  1. Linping Campus of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

    Xiaozi Wen, Xufang Ye, Xuejun Yang, Rujin Jiang & Chunyan Qian

  2. Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

    Xianjun Wang

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XWa, and XWe: contributed to the idea design, and literature search. XYe, and CQ: contributed in writing and editing. XYa and RJ, wrote parts of the manuscript and contributed to designing the figures.

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Wen, X., Ye, X., Yang, X. et al. The crosstalk between intestinal bacterial microbiota and immune cells in colorectal cancer progression. Clin Transl Oncol 25, 620–632 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-022-02995-5

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