Abstract
With the growing increase of disasters worldwide, in terms of frequencies, intensities and unpredictability, there is currently a growing need for novel ubiquitous communication systems enabling public safety networks (PSN). Disaster operations require real-time and low latency data communication, in live video and audio streaming, as well as in integration with social networks. In this context, existing network infrastructures might be either damaged or overloaded. Thus, it is expected that wireless Body-to-Body Networks (B2Bs) could play a key role in setting-up tactical PSN deployments enabling effective and reliable disaster response and management. In addition to the challenges with radio technologies and their inter-operability, coexistence and energy consumption issues, routing is also an important and critical challenge for the PSN. In this paper we propose a novel wireless B2B routing protocol, called “Optimized Routing Approach for Critical and Emergency Networks (ORACE-Net)” to enhance routing performance in disaster relief. ORACE-Net aims to exploit dynamic B2B communications between wearable networks to establish and maintain a mobile dynamic communication backbone. Analytical evaluations are conducted to analyze the communication overheads of ORACE-Net in comparison to existing routing standards, including Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector version 2 (AODVv2), Optimized Link State Routing Protocol version 2 (OLSRv2) and Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR). Extensive simulations are then performed under realistic assumptions and synthetic mobility models, and show that ORACE-Net outperforms conventional routing approaches in terms of packet reception rate, energy consumption and fairly performed in terms of delay compared to the other approaches.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
UNISDR (2013) Global assessment report on disaster risk reduction 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.preventionweb.net/english/hyogo/gar/2013/en/home/download.html
Plyer A (2015) Facts for features: Katrina impact. [Online]. Available: http://www.datacenterresearch.org/data-resources/katrina/facts-for-impact/
Arbia DB, Alam MM, Attia R, Hamida EB (2015) Data dissemination strategies for emerging wireless body-to-body networks based internet of humans. In: 11th IEEE WiMob Conference in proceedings of the workshop on emergency networks for public protection and disaster relief (EN4PPDR 2015)
Hamida EB, Alam MM, Maman M, Denis B, D’Errico R (2014) Wearable body-to-body networks for critical and rescue operations, the crow 2: Project. In: Procedding of the workshop on the convergence of wireless technologies for personalized healthcare in IEEE PIMRC 2014, pp 2145–2149
Alam MM, Ben Arbia D, Ben Hamida E (2015) Research trends in multi-standard device-to-device communication in wearable wireless networks. In: 10th CROWNCOM Conference in proceedings of the workshop on cognitive radio for 5G networks, vol 156. Springer LNICST, pp 1–13
Arbia DB, Alam MM, Attia R, Hamida EB (2015) Behavior of wireless body-to-body networks routing strategies for public protection and disaster relief. In: 11th IEEE WiMob Conference in proceedings of the workshop on advances in body-centric wireless communications and networks and their applications (BCWNets 2015)
Ramrekha T A, Politis C (2010) A hybrid adaptive routing protocol for extreme emergency ad hoc communication. In: Proceedings of 19th International conference on computer communications and networks (ICCCN)
George SM, Zhou W, Chenji H, Won M, Lee YO, Pazarloglou A, Stoleru R, Barooah P (2010) Distressnet: A wireless ad hoc and sensor network architecture for situation management in disaster response. IEEE Commun Mag 48(3):128–136
Varun JPP, Menon G, Priya J (2016) Ensuring reliable communication in disaster recovery operations with reliable routing technique. Mobile Inf Syst:10
Group DTNR (2015) Delay tolerant network 2. [Online]. Available: https://dtnrg.org/
Zongqing Lu GC, Porta TL (2016) Networking smartphones for disaster recovery. In: Proceedings of IEEE PerCom
Karp B, Kung HT (2000) Gpsr: Greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks. In: Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on mobile computing and networking, ser. MobiCom ’00. doi:10.1145/345910.345953. ACM, New York, pp 243–254
Perkins C, Ratliff SDJ (2013) Dynamic manet on-demand (aodvv2) routing draft-ietf-manet-dymo-26. [Online]. Available: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-manet-dymo/
Clausen T, Dearlove C, Jacquet P, Herberg U (2014) Rfc7181: The optimized link state routing protocol version 2 (proposed standard). [Online]. Available: http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7181
(2015) Facts and statistics on wearable technology,. [Online]. Available: http://www.statista.com/statistics/471264/iot-number-of-connected-devices-worldwide/
Rose Qingyang Hu YQE (ed) (2013) Heterogeneous cellular networks. Wiley
Tata C, Kadoch M (2014) Multipath routing algorithm for device-to-device communications for public safety over lte heterogeneous networks. In: 2014 1st International conference on information and communication technologies for disaster management (ICT-DM), pp 1–7
Hu Y, Guo W, Wang S (2014) Emergency route selection for D2D cellular communications during an urban terrorist attack, CoRR, vol. abs/1403.6923. [Online]. Available: 1403.6923
Ren P, Du Q, Sun L (2013) Interference-aware routing for hop-count minimization in wireless d2d networks. In: 2013 IEEE/CIC International conference on communications in china - workshops (CIC/ICCC), pp 65–70
Babun L (2015) Extended coverage for public safety and critical communications using multi-hop and d2d communications, m.sc dissertation, florida international university, usa
Laha A, Cao X, Shen W, Tian X, Cheng Y (2015) An energy efficient routing protocol for device-to-device based multihop smartphone networks. In: 2015 IEEE International conference on communications (ICC), pp 5448–5453
Abolhasan M, Wysocki T, Dutkiewicz E (2004) A review of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Netw 2(1):1–22
Jiazi Y, Cizeron E, Hamma S, Parrein B, Lesage P (2009) Implementation of multipath and multiple description coding in olsr. In: Proceedings of the Fourth OLSR interop/workshop, pp 1–5
Clausen T, Jacquet P (2003) Optimized link state routing protocol (olsr). Tech. Rep.
Perkins C, Royer E (1999) Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing. In: Proceedings of the second IEEE workshop on mobile computing systems and applications, pp 90–100
Quispe LE, Galan LM (2014) Review: Behavior of ad hoc routing protocols, analyzed for emergency and rescue scenarios, on a real urban area. Expert Syst Appl 41(5):2565–2573
Zhang Y, He S, Chen J (2016) Data gathering optimization by dynamic sensing and routing in rechargeable sensor networks. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 24(3):1632–1646
Thulasiraman P, Chen J, Shen X (2011) Multipath routing and max-min fair qos provisioning under interference constraints in wireless multihop networks. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 22(5):716–728
Mansourkiaie F, Ahmed MH (2015) Cooperative routing in wireless networks: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Commun Surveys Tutor 17(2):604–626. Secondquarter
Chakchouk N (2015) A survey on opportunistic routing in wireless communication networks. IEEE Commun Surveys Tutor 17(4):2214–2241. Fourthquarter
Johnson DB, Maltz DA, Broch J (2001) Ad hoc networking. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston. ch. DSR: The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Multihop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, pp 139–172. [Online]. Available: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=374547.374552
Ramrekha TA, Talooki VN, Rodriguez J, Politis C (2012) Energy efficient and scalable routing protocol for extreme emergency ad hoc communications. Int J Mobile Netw Appl 17(2):312–324
Ben Hamida E, Chelius G (2010) Investigating the impact of human activity on the performance of wireless networks: An experimental approach. In: WoWMoM 2010 conference, pp 1–8
BenHamida E, Chelius G (2007) Analytical evaluation of virtual infrastructures for data dissemination in wireless sensor networks with mobile sink. In: 1st ACM workshop on sensor actor networks (SANET 2007). [Online]. Available: https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00384834. ACM, Montréal, pp 3–10
Busson A, Mitton N, Fleury E (2005) Analysis of the multi-point relays selection in OLSR and consequences. In: Mediterranean ad hoc networking workshop (MedHocNet’05). ACM, France
Frikha M (2013) Ad Hoc networks: Routing, QoS and optimization. Wiley
Gast M (2013) 802.11ac: A survival guide. [Online]. Available: http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1234000001739/ch03.html
Perrucci G, Fitzek F, Widmer J (2011) Survey on energy consumption entities on the smartphone platform. In: 2011 IEEE 73rd vehicular technology conference (VTC Spring), pp 1–6
Copyright D S (2016) Mobile devices specifications. [Online]. Available: http://www.devicespecifications.com/en/model-battery/d1332bee
Aschenbruck N, Ernst R, Gerhards-Padilla E, Schwamborn M (2010) Bonnmotion: A mobility scenario generation and analysis tool. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on simulation tools and techniques, pp 51:1–51:10
WSNET 3.0 Simulator. http://wsnet.gforge.inria.fr/, accessed: 2015-11-30
Acknowledgments
This publication was made possible by NPRP grant #[6−1508−2−616] from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ben Arbia, D., Alam, M.M., Attia, R. et al. ORACE-Net: A novel multi-hop body-to-body routing protocol for public safety networks. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 10, 726–749 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-016-0513-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-016-0513-9