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Invertebrate lysozymes: Diversity and distribution, molecular mechanism and in vivo function

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Abstract

Lysozymes are antibacterial enzymes widely distributed among organisms. Within the animal kingdom, mainly three major lysozyme types occur. Chicken (c)-type lysozyme and goose (g)-type lysozyme are predominantly, but not exclusively, found in vertebrate animals, while the invertebrate (i)-type lysozyme is typical for invertebrate organisms, and hence its name. Since their discovery in 1975, numerous research articles report on the identification of i-type lysozymes in a variety of invertebrate phyla. This review describes the current knowledge on i-type lysozymes, outlining their distribution, molecular mechanism and in vivo function taking the representative from Venerupis philippinarum (formerly Tapes japonica) (Vp-ilys) as a model. In addition, invertebrate g-type and ch-type (chalaropsis) lysozymes, which have been described in molluscs and nematodes, respectively, are also briefly discussed.

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Notes

  1. Isopeptide bond: amide linkage between a carboxyl or carboxamide group of one amino acid and an amino group of another amino acid in which at least one of these groups is not on the amino acid α-carbon.

  2. Imd pathway: Immune pathway primarly involved in defence against Gram-negative bacteria in Drosophila melanogaster.

  3. Fat body: organ in insects similar in function to the vertebrate liver

  4. Malphighian tubules: excretory and osmoregulatory organ of insects that opens near the junction of the midgut and hindgut.

  5. Mesohyl: Gelatinous matrix within a sponge filling the space between the external pinacoderm (epidermis) and the internal choanoderm (cell layer that lines the inner central cavity of sponges).

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  1. Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001, Leuven, Belgium

    Joris M Van Herreweghe & Chris W Michiels

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  1. Joris M Van Herreweghe
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  2. Chris W Michiels
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Correspondence to Chris W Michiels.

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Corresponding editor: Stuart A Newman

[Van Herreweghe JM and Michiels CW 2012 Invertebrate lysozymes: Diversity and distribution, molecular mechanism and in vivo function. J. Biosci. 37 1–22] DOI 10.1007/s12038-012-9201-y

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Van Herreweghe, J.M., Michiels, C.W. Invertebrate lysozymes: Diversity and distribution, molecular mechanism and in vivo function. J Biosci 37, 327–348 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-012-9201-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-012-9201-y

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